Enzyme-mediated intratumoral self-assembly of nanotheranostics for enhanced imaging and tumor therapy.
Enzyme-mediated intratumoral self-assembly of nanotheranostics for enhanced imaging and tumor therapy.
复制标题
酶介导的肿瘤内自组装纳米治疗剂用于增强成像和肿瘤治疗。
DOI：
10.1002/wnan.1786
复制
发表时间：
2022-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
酶介导的肿瘤内自组装（EMISA）纳米治疗诊断剂代表了一类新的智能药物，用于癌症的联合成像和治疗。癌细胞过度表达各种酶，这些酶对于高代谢、快速增殖以及组织侵袭和转移至关重要。通过将含有酶特异性切割位点的小分子与适当的化学接头缀合，可以在具有靶酶的肿瘤细胞中诱导纳米结构的自组装。这种注射最终原位变成较大纳米治疗诊断剂的小治疗诊断分子的方法避免了注射较大的预组装纳米治疗诊断剂时遇到的一些主要限制。EMISA纳米治疗诊断剂的优点包括避免吞噬细胞的非特异性摄取和快速清除，增加细胞积累，减少药物流出和延长细胞暴露时间，所有这些都导致放大的成像信号和治疗效果。在这里，我们回顾了不同的方法，可用于制备基于非共价相互作用和/或共价键合的EMISA的有机，无机或有机/无机混合纳米治疗剂。示出了用于荧光成像、核成像、光声成像、拉曼成像、计算机断层摄影成像、生物发光成像和磁共振成像的成像实例。本文分类下：诊断工具>在体内纳米诊断和成像生物启发的纳米材料>基于肽的结构
Enzyme-mediated intratumoral self-assembled (EMISA) nanotheranostics represent a new class of smart agents for combined imaging and therapy of cancer. Cancer cells overexpress various enzymes that are essential for high metabolism, fast proliferation, and tissue invasion and metastasis. By conjugating small molecules that contain an enzyme-specific cleavage site to appropriate chemical linkers, it is possible to induce self-assembly of nanostructures in tumor cells having the target enzyme. This approach of injecting small theranostic molecules that eventually become larger nanotheranostics in situ avoids some of the major limitations that are encountered when injecting larger, pre-assembled nanotheranostics. The advantage of EMISA nanotheranostics include the avoidance of nonspecific uptake and rapid clearance by phagocytic cells, increased cellular accumulation, reduced drug efflux and prolonged cellular exposure time, all of which lead to an amplified imaging signal and therapeutic efficacy. We review here the different approaches that can be used for preparing EMISA-based organic, inorganic, or organic/inorganic hybrid nanotheranostics based on noncovalent interactions and/or covalent bonding. Imaging examples are shown for fluorescence imaging, nuclear imaging, photoacoustic imaging, Raman imaging, computed tomography imaging, bioluminescent imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Peptide-Based Structures