Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Preparation and Prediction of Timing
Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Preparation and Prediction of Timing
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小脑在运动准备和时间预测中的作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.039
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Takeya Ryuji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka Masaki;Kunimatsu Jun;Suzuki Tomoki W.;Kameda Masashi;Ohmae Shogo;Uematsu Akiko;Takeya Ryuji
小脑被认为具有多种功能，因为它是随着大脑的进化而发展的，并且与额顶叶皮层的不同区域相联系。与大脑皮层中的神经元一样，小脑中的神经元除了执行动作之外，在计划期间也表现出强烈的活动。然而，它们的具体作用仍然难以捉摸。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了最近的研究结果集中在灵长类动物的小脑深部核在任务中发现的准备活动，需要刻意的运动控制和时间预测。小脑中的神经元在抗扫视准备期间是活跃的，并且它们的失活损害了对扫视的前摄抑制控制。使用自我计时任务的实验表明，有机制跟踪经过的时间和调节试验的时间变化，小脑参与了后者。在预测周期性事件的时间时，小脑比纹状体提供更准确的时间信息。在最近开发的同步眼球运动任务，小脑核神经元表现出周期性的预测同步的准备活动。在所有情况下，小脑产生的准备活动持续了几百毫秒。这些信号可以调节大脑皮层中的神经元活动，从而调整运动时间并预测节奏事件的时间。
The cerebellum is thought to have a variety of functions because it developed with the evolution of the cerebrum and connects with different areas in the frontoparietal cortices. Like neurons in the cerebral cortex, those in the cerebellum also exhibit strong activity during planning in addition to the execution of movements. However, their specific roles remain elusive. In this article, we review recent findings focusing on preparatory activities found in the primate deep cerebellar nuclei during tasks requiring deliberate motor control and temporal prediction. Neurons in the cerebellum are active during anti-saccade preparation and their inactivation impairs proactive inhibitory control for saccades. Experiments using a self-timing task show that there are mechanisms for tracking elapsed time and regulating trial-by-trial variation in timing, and that the cerebellum is involved in the latter. When predicting the timing of periodic events, the cerebellum provides more accurate temporal information than the striatum. During a recently developed synchronized eye movement task, cerebellar nuclear neurons exhibited periodic preparatory activity for predictive synchronization. In all cases, the cerebellum generated preparatory activity lasting for several hundred milliseconds. These signals may regulate neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex that adjusts movement timing and predicts the timing of rhythmic events.