Microtubule assembly during mitosis - from distinct origins to distinct functions?
Microtubule assembly during mitosis - from distinct origins to distinct functions?
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.092429
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发表时间：
2012-06-15
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Vernos, Isabelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meunier, Sylvain;Vernos, Isabelle
有丝分裂纺锤体的结构和功能是由其主要组成部分微管(MTS)定义的。构成纺锤体的MTS具有多种功能、组织和动力学：星形MTS从中心体发出并到达细胞皮质，在纺锤体定位中起重要作用；极间MTS是纺锤体的主要组成部分，是建立纺锤体两极、染色体聚集和中心纺锤体组装的关键；动粒纤维是连接着丝点和纺锤体极并在后期分离姐妹染色单体的MT束。长期以来，复制的中心体被认为是所有这些MTS的起源。然而，在过去的十年中，一些研究有助于识别在分裂细胞中驱动MT组装的非中心体途径。目前已知，这些通路对于成功组装纺锤体以及参与K纤维形成和中心纺锤体组装等各种过程都是必不可少的。在这篇评论中，我们回顾了这一领域的最新进展，并讨论了不同的MT组装途径如何合作成功地形成有丝分裂纺锤体。
The mitotic spindle is structurally and functionally defined by its main component, the microtubules (MTs). The MTs making up the spindle have various functions, organization and dynamics: astral MTs emanate from the centrosome and reach the cell cortex, and thus have a major role in spindle positioning; interpolar MTs are the main constituent of the spindle and are key for the establishment of spindle bipolarity, chromosome congression and central spindle assembly; and kinetochore-fibers are MT bundles that connect the kinetochores with the spindle poles and segregate the sister chromatids during anaphase. The duplicated centrosomes were long thought to be the origin of all of these MTs. However, in the last decade, a number of studies have contributed to the identification of non-centrosomal pathways that drive MT assembly in dividing cells. These pathways are now known to be essential for successful spindle assembly and to participate in various processes such as K-fiber formation and central spindle assembly. In this Commentary, we review the recent advances in the field and discuss how different MT assembly pathways might cooperate to successfully form the mitotic spindle.