The climate of Patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes
The climate of Patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes
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巴塔哥尼亚的气候：生物过程的一般模式和控制
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Golluscio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Paruelo;Adriana B. Beltrán;E. Jobbágy;O. Sala;R. Golluscio
本文综述了巴塔哥尼亚气候的主要特征，最重要气候变量的时空格局，以及气候对生态系统过程的影响。冬季降水的分布决定了巴塔哥尼亚雨季和生长季之间的不同步。可以从雨季转移到生长季的水量主要取决于土壤的物理特性。在丘布特半干旱草原，排水占年降水量的10%。冬季降水的分布也决定了蒸发和蒸腾通量的非同步动态。ENSO现象对区域降水有显著影响。在巴塔哥尼亚中西部，春季降水(9月至11月)在拉尼娜事件期间低于常年，在厄尔尼诺事件期间高于常年。从12月到2月，可以观察到相反的模式：拉尼娜事件期间的降水量高于正常，厄尔尼诺事件期间的降水量低于正常。这一现象对季节温度的影响不如对降水的影响明显。我们没有发现1961-1996年期间年降水量的任何时间趋势。在巴塔哥尼亚，碳收益的物候是相当一致的。该地区的大部分地区在11月份出现了生产高峰期，同时，水的可获得性和温度都很高。在西方，产量在晚些时候(12月)达到顶峰。落叶林在1月和2月出现高峰。
In this article we review the main characteristics of the Patagonian climate, the spatial and temporal patterns of the most important climatic variables, and the influence of climate on ecosystem processes. The winter distribution of precipitation determines an asynchrony between the wet and the growing season in Patagonia. The amount of water that can be transferred from the wet season to the growing season depends mainly on the physical characteristics of the soil. In the semiarid steppe of Chubut, drainage accounted for 10% of annual precipitation. Winter distribution of precipitation determines also an asynchronic dynamics of evaporation and transpiration fluxes. The ENSO phenomenon have a significant impact on regional precipitation. In central-west Patagonia, spring precipitation (September to November) was lower than normal during La Nina events and greater than normal during El Nino events. From December to February the opposite pattern can be observed: higher than normal precipitation during La Nina events and lower than normal precipitation during El Nino events. The impact of this phenomenon on the seasonal temperature was not as clear as for precipitation. We did not detect any temporal trends in annual precipitation for the period 1961-1996. The phenology of carbon gains is quite homogeneous in Patagonia. Most of the region showed a peak of production in November, when, simultaneously, water availability and temperature are high. Toward the west, production peaked later (December). Deciduous forests showed the peak in January and February.