What Is The Internet? (Considering Partial Connectivity)
What Is The Internet? (Considering Partial Connectivity)
复制标题
什么是互联网？
DOI：
10.1109/mascots.2018.00025
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Heidemann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Baltra;J. Heidemann
互联网最初的定义是“互连网络的集合”。虽然这个定义帮助我们理解互联网是什么，但它对互联网何时不是保持沉默。我们提供了一个可测试的互联网定义，以澄清互联网在哪里“结束”：当一个国家或一个互联网服务提供商脱离时，断开连接；当主要的互联网服务提供商拒绝交换流量时，持续的部分连接，隔离他们的客户；澄清围绕运营商级NAT、未路由的公共IP地址的角落案例，并解释检测到互联网中断的系统中相互矛盾的观察结果。我们的定义确定了持久的、部分连接的半岛，并澄清了中断是指内部连接与主互联网分开的孤岛。我们的定义是概念性的，定义了一条理想的连通性渐近线，但它使新的算法能够提供半岛和岛屿大小的可操作估计。我们使用这些算法来重新解释来自两个现有测量系统的数据，一个覆盖500万/24个IPv4网络，另一个有10k个观察者。一个关键的结果是，半岛几乎和停电一样常见，新的澄清了这个长期观察到的问题的重要性。我们检查了根本原因，发现大多数半岛事件(45%)是暂时性的路由问题，但少数长期半岛事件(7%)占所有半岛时间的90%，这表明国家或AS级别的政策选择持续数周或更长时间。最后，我们的定义确认了互联网的国际性：任何一个国家都不能单方面声称自己是“互联网”，但各国可以选择离开。对于岛屿和半岛，我们的定义有助于澄清从部分可达性到先前工作中的中断的范围。
The Internet was originally defined as “a collection of interconnected networks”. While this definition helps us understand what the Internet is, it is silent on when the Internet is not . We provide a testable definition of the Internet to clarify where the Internet “ends”: disconnection when a country or an ISP secedes; persistent partial connectivity when major ISPs refuse to exchange traffic, isolating their customers; clarifying corner cases around carrier-grade NAT, unrouted public IP addresses, and interpreting conflicting observations from systems that detect Internet outages. Our definition identifies peninsulas of persistent, partial connectivity, and clarifies that outages are islands , with internal connectivity that is partitioned from the main Internet. Our definition is conceptual, defining an ideal asymptote of connectivity, but it enables new algorithms that provide an operational estimate of the number of size of peninsulas and islands. We use these algorithms to reinterpret data from two existing measurement systems, one covering 5 million /24 IPv4 networks and the other with 10k observers. A key result is that peninsulas are about as common as outages, newly clarifying the importance of this long-observed problem. We examine root causes, showing that most peninsula events (45%) are transient routing problems, but a few long-lived peninsulas events (7%) account for 90% of all peninsula time, suggesting country- or AS-level policy choices that last weeks or more. Finally, our definition confirms the international nature of internet: no single country can unilaterally claim to be “the Internet”, but countries can chose to leave. With islands and peninsulas, our definition helps clarify the spectrum from partial reachability to outages in prior work.
DOI：
10.1145/3230543.3230549
发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication
影响因子：
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作者：
A. Dhamdhere;D. Clark;Alexander Gamero-Garrido;M. Luckie;Ricky K. P. Mok;Gautam Akiwate;Kabir Gogia;Vaibhav Bajpai;A. Snoeren;K. Claffy
通讯作者：
A. Dhamdhere;D. Clark;Alexander Gamero-Garrido;M. Luckie;Ricky K. P. Mok;Gautam Akiwate;Kabir Gogia;Vaibhav Bajpai;A. Snoeren;K. Claffy
Chocolatin：互联网背景辐射的中断检测
DOI：
10.23919/tma.2019.8784607
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
2019 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Guillot, Andreas;Fontugne, Romain;Winter, Philipp;Merindol, Pascal;King, Alistair;Dainotti, Alberto;Pelsser, Cristel
通讯作者：
Pelsser, Cristel