Measuring the suicidal mind: implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior.
Measuring the suicidal mind: implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior.
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衡量自杀思维：隐性认知可以预测自杀行为。
DOI：
10.1177/0956797610364762
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发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Banaji MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nock MK;Park JM;Finn CT;Deliberto TL;Dour HJ;Banaji MR
自杀是全球死亡的主要原因，挑战了所有假设自我保护普遍驱动的理论。这是很难预测和预防的，因为考虑自杀的人往往不愿意或没有能力报告他们的意图。内隐认知测量的进展提供了一个机会来测试自我与死亡的自动关联是否可以提供自杀风险的行为标记。我们测量了157名在精神病急诊科接受治疗的人在等待医疗护理时与死亡/自杀的内隐关联。结果证实，自杀未遂者比精神病困扰的非自杀未遂者在死亡/自杀和自我之间有更强的内隐联系。此外，死亡/自杀与自我的内隐关联与未来6个月内自杀企图的几率增加约6倍有关，超过了已知风险因素的预测有效性（例如，抑郁或自杀企图史）以及患者和临床医生的预测。这些结果提供了自杀行为的行为标记的第一个证据，并表明内隐认知的措施可能是有用的检测和预测敏感的临床行为，是不太可能被报告。
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, challenging all theories that assume a universal drive for self-preservation. It is difficult to predict and prevent because people who consider killing themselves often are unwilling or incapable of reporting their intention. Advances in the measurement of implicit cognition provide an opportunity to test whether automatic associations of self with death can provide a behavioral marker of suicide risk. We measured implicit associations about death/suicide in 157 people presenting for treatment at a psychiatric emergency department while they awaited medical attention. Results confirmed that suicide attempters hold a significantly stronger implicit association between death/suicide and self than do psychiatrically distressed nonattempters. Moreover, the implicit association of death/suicide with self was associated with an approximately six-fold increase in the odds of making a suicide attempt in the next 6 months, exceeding the predictive validity of known risk factors (e.g., depression or suicide attempt history) and both patients’ and clinicians’ predictions. These results provide the first evidence of a behavioral marker for suicidal behavior and suggest that measures of implicit cognition may be useful for detecting and predicting sensitive clinical behaviors that are unlikely to be reported.