Effects of age and hearing impairment on the ability to benefit from temporal and spectral modulation.
Effects of age and hearing impairment on the ability to benefit from temporal and spectral modulation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/aud.0b013e31823fa4c3
复制
发表时间：
2012-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Roush PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall JW;Buss E;Grose JH;Roush PA
在较差的信噪比下，语音理解可能依赖于对跨时间和频率分布的语音片段进行联合收割机组合的能力。本研究的目的是确定发育和听力障碍对这种能力的影响。本研究中的听众包括听力正常和听力受损的成人和儿童。听力正常的儿童包括一个年轻组（4.6至6.9岁，n=10）和一个老年组（7.3至11.1岁，n=11）。听力正常者10例，年龄19-27岁。还对听力受损的成人（19-54岁，n=9）和儿童（7.2 - 10.7岁，n=8）进行了测试。听力受损的两组患者的轻度/中度双侧感音神经性听力受损相当。句子的掩蔽语音接收阈值是在稳定的语音成形噪声的基线条件下和在时间调制、频谱调制或时间和频谱调制的噪声中确定的。听力正常者的测试结果表明，在稳态噪声中，儿童的掩蔽言语接收阈值高于成人。成人和儿童表现出相同幅度的掩蔽释放光谱调制。成年人表现出更多的掩蔽释放比年幼的儿童的时间调制，并表现出更多的掩蔽释放比年轻和年长的儿童结合时间/频谱调制。与听力正常者和听力受损者相比，听力受损者在稳态噪声条件下具有更高的掩蔽言语接收阈值（SRT），而在调制噪声条件下具有更低的掩蔽释放。年龄和听力障碍之间的双向交互作用以及年龄、听力障碍和掩蔽配置之间的三向交互作用均不显著。虽然听力正常的年幼儿童所表现出的时间调制的掩蔽释放减少可能是由于时间分辨率差，但它更可能反映了时间间隙中言语线索的使用效率低下，或者反映了基线条件下儿童所需的较高信噪比的因素。听力正常的年龄较小和年龄较大的儿童所表现出的组合时间/频谱调制的掩蔽释放减少可能表明，在这里测试的年龄范围内的儿童在组合分布在时间和频谱间隙中的语音信息方面存在一些困难。在所有调制条件下，听力损伤与较高的阈值和降低的掩蔽释放相关。听力障碍儿童表现出最差的表现，与听力损失和发育的叠加效应一致。
At poor signal-to-noise ratios, speech understanding may depend upon the ability to combine speech fragments that are distributed across time and frequency. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of development and hearing impairment on this ability. Listeners in the present study included adults and children with normal hearing and with hearing impairment. The children with normal hearing included a younger group (4.6 to 6.9 years of age, n=10) and an older group (7.3 to 11.1 years of age, n=11). The adults with normal hearing were 19–27 years of age (n=10). Adults (19–54 years of age, n=9) and children (7.2 to 10.7 years of age, n=8) with hearing impairment were also tested. The two groups with hearing impairment had comparable mild/moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment. Masked speech reception thresholds for sentences were determined in a baseline condition of steady speech-shaped noise and in noise that was either temporally modulated, spectrally modulated, or both temporally and spectrally modulated. The results of normal-hearing listeners indicated higher masked speech reception thresholds for children than adults in steady noise. Adults and children showed the same magnitude of masking release for spectral modulation. Adults showed more masking release than the younger children for temporal modulation, and showed more masking release than both the younger and older children for combined temporal/spectral modulation. Comparing normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners, the hearing-impaired listeners had higher masked speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in the steady noise condition and reduced masking release in the modulated noise conditions. Neither the two-way interaction between age and hearing impairment nor the three-way interaction between age, hearing impairment, and masking configuration was significant. Although the reduced masking release for temporal modulation shown by the younger children with normal hearing could be due to poor temporal resolution, it more likely reflects inefficient use of speech cues in temporal gaps or factors stemming from higher signal-to-noise ratios required by children in the baseline condition. The reduced masking release for combined temporal/spectral modulation demonstrated by both the younger and older children with normal hearing may indicate that children in the age range tested here have some difficulty in combining speech information that is distributed across temporal and spectral gaps. Hearing impairment was associated with higher thresholds and reduced masking release in all modulation conditions. Children with hearing impairment showed the poorest performance of any group, consistent with additive effects of hearing loss and development.