Influence of jellyfish blooms on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and plankton production
Influence of jellyfish blooms on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and plankton production
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10750-008-9584-9
复制
发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Condon, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pitt, Kylie A.;Welsh, David T.;Condon, Robert H.
由于水母和栉水母种群的繁荣和萧条动态以及它们可以获得的巨大生物量，它们可以对碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）的循环产生很大影响。本文首先总结了水母的生化组成，比较和对比了非虫黄藻水母和虫黄藻水母获取和循环C、N和P的机制，然后评估了水母种群的元素循环对浮游植物和浮游细菌生产的潜在影响。非虫黄藻水母主要通过捕食浮游动物获取碳、氮和磷，溶解有机物的吸收贡献较小。 C、N 和 P 通过无机物（主要是铵 (NH4+) 和磷酸盐 (PO43-)）和溶解的有机形式（例如溶解的游离氨基酸和溶解的伯胺）的排泄来再生。水母种群排出的无机营养物质提供了浮游植物初级生产所需的氮和磷的一小部分但很大一部分。溶解有机物的排泄也可能支持浮游细菌的产生，但可用的数据很少。相比之下，虫黄藻水母的大部分碳来自光合产物的易位，没有或很少有氮和磷的净释放，并且可能与浮游植物积极竞争溶解的无机养分。水母水华的分解可能导致无机和有机营养物质大量释放，分解其组织所需的氧气可能导致局部缺氧或缺氧条件。
Due to their boom and bust population dynamics and the enormous biomasses they can attain, jellyfish and ctenophores can have a large influence on the cycling of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This review initially summarises the biochemical composition of jellyfish, and compares and contrasts the mechanisms by which non-zooxanthellate and zooxanthellate jellyfish acquire and recycle C, N and P. The potential influence of elemental cycling by populations of jellyfish on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton production is then assessed. Non-zooxanthellate jellyfish acquire C, N and P predominantly through predation on zooplankton with smaller contributions from the uptake of dissolved organic matter. C, N and P are regenerated via excretion of inorganic (predominantly ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-)) and dissolved organic forms (e.g. dissolved free amino acids and dissolved primary amines). Inorganic nutrients excreted by jellyfish populations provide a small but significant proportion of the N and P required for primary production by phytoplankton. Excretion of dissolved organic matter may also support bacterioplankton production but few data are available. In contrast, zooxanthellate medusae derive most of their C from the translocation of photosynthetic products, exhibit no or minimal net release of N and P, and may actively compete with phytoplankton for dissolved inorganic nutrients. Decomposition of jellyfish blooms could result in a large release of inorganic and organic nutrients and the oxygen demand required to decompose their tissues could lead to localised hypoxic or anoxic conditions.