Impaired startle prepulse inhibition and habituation in patients with schizotypal personality disorder.
Impaired startle prepulse inhibition and habituation in patients with schizotypal personality disorder.
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DOI：
10.1176/ajp.150.12.1862
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发表时间：
1993-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Cadenhead;Mark A. Geyer;D. Braff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Cadenhead;Mark A. Geyer;D. Braff
目的信息加工测量作为精神分裂症的生物学标志，有助于精神分裂症的边界界定。前脉冲抑制和习惯化的眨眼反射组成部分的惊吓，这被认为是反映了一个人的能力，筛选或“门”无关的感官刺激，是受损的精神分裂症患者。精神分裂症患者的这些感觉运动门控和习惯性缺陷可能会导致感觉超负荷，其次是认知碎片化、混乱和思维障碍。本研究的目的是检验两个假设：1）典型人格障碍患者会表现出感觉运动门控的丧失，这反映在人类惊吓反应的前脉冲抑制受损; 2）典型人格障碍患者会表现出与精神分裂症患者一致的惊吓习惯化缺陷。方法对符合DSM-III-R诊断标准的12名男性和4名女性进行前脉冲抑制和习惯化测试，并与22名正常对照组进行比较。结果典型人格障碍患者存在与精神分裂症患者相似的声前脉冲抑制和习惯化缺陷。虽然在听觉惊吓刺激到反应的潜伏期上，典型人格障碍患者和正常人之间没有差异，但两组的前脉冲都产生了潜伏期易化。结论：惊吓反应的振幅和潜伏期的这种变化模式表明，典型人格障碍的受试者感知到前脉冲刺激，但仍然表现出幅度的感觉运动门控不足。这些发现支持了惊吓前脉冲抑制和惊吓习惯化作为精神分裂症谱系障碍生物学标志物的重要性。
OBJECTIVE Information processing measures that serve as biological markers for schizophrenia can help to define the boundaries of schizophrenia. Prepulse inhibition and habituation of the blink reflex component of startle, which are thought to reflect an individual's ability to screen out or "gate" irrelevant sensory stimuli, are impaired in patients with schizophrenia. These deficits in sensorimotor gating and habituation in schizophrenic patients may lead to sensory overload and, secondarily, cognitive fragmentation, disorganization, and thought disorder. The goal of this study was to test two hypotheses: 1) patients with schizotypal personality disorder would show a loss of sensorimotor gating reflected by impaired prepulse inhibition of the human startle response and 2) patients with schizotypal personality disorder would show deficits in startle habituation consistent with the deficits seen in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Prepulse inhibition and habituation were assessed in 12 men and four women who met DSM-III-R criteria for schizotypal personality disorder and in 22 normal comparison subjects. RESULTS Patients with schizotypal personality disorder had deficits in acoustic prepulse inhibition and habituation similar to the deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia. Although there were no differences between patients with schizotypal personality disorder and normal subjects in latency from acoustic startle stimuli to response, latency facilitation was produced by the prepulse in both groups. CONCLUSIONS This pattern of changes in amplitude and latency of the startle response suggests that subjects with schizotypal personality disorder perceive the prepulse stimuli but still demonstrate deficient sensorimotor gating of amplitude. These findings support the importance of startle prepulse inhibition and startle habituation as biological markers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.