The loading of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles
The loading of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles
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DOI：
10.1016/s0300-9084(00)00221-2
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Gasnier, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gasnier, B
经典（非肽）递质由 V 型 H+-ATP 酶驱动的次级主动转运蛋白储存到分泌囊泡中。已在体外表征了五种囊泡神经递质摄取活性，其中三种的转运蛋白已使用 cDNA 克隆和/或线虫遗传学在分子水平上进行了鉴定。这些转运蛋白属于两个蛋白质家族，它们都与在质膜上运行的 Na+ 偶联神经递质转运蛋白无关。哺乳动物囊泡单胺转运蛋白的两种亚型 VMAT1 和 VMAT2 与囊泡乙酰胆碱转运蛋白 (VACHT) 相关，而一种新型的、不相关的囊泡抑制性氨基酸转运蛋白 (VIAAT)，也称为囊泡 GABA 转运蛋白 (VGAT)，负责将 GABA、甘氨酸或在某些突触处将这两种氨基酸储存到突触小泡中。观察到实验改变的 VACHT 或 VMAT2 水平对突触传递和行为的影响，以及最近认识到 GABA 能或谷氨酸受体在中央突触并不总是饱和，表明囊泡负载在突触可塑性中的潜在作用。 (C) 2000 法国生物化学与分子生物学协会/Elsevier SAS 科学版。
Classical (non-peptide) transmitters are stored into secretory vesicles by a secondary active transporter driven by a V-type H+-ATPase. Five vesicular neurotransmitter uptake activities have been characterized in vitro and, for three of them, the transporters involved have been identified at the molecular level using cDNA cloning and/or Cernorhabditis elegans genetics. These transporters belong to two protein families, which are both unrelated to the Na+-coupled neurotransmitter transporters operating at the plasma membrane. The two isoforms of the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT1 and VMAT2, are related to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT), while a novel, unrelated vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT), also designated vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), is responsible for the storage of GABA, glycine or, at some synapses, both amino acids into synaptic vesicles. The observed effects of experimentally altered levels of VACHT or VMAT2 on synaptic transmission and behavior, as well as the recent awareness that GABAergic or glutamatergic receptors are not always saturated at central synapses, suggest a potential role of vesicular loading in synaptic plasticity. (C) 2000 societe francaise de biochimie et biologie moleculaire / Editions scientifiques ct medicales Elsevier SAS.