Sneezing and asymptomatic virus transmission
Sneezing and asymptomatic virus transmission
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DOI：
10.1063/5.0019090
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Hassan, Yassin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busco, Giacomo;Yang, Se Ro;Hassan, Yassin A.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的传播模式继续表明，仅凭地理屏障无法遏制病毒。无症状携带者在这种病毒迅速升级为全球大流行的性质中发挥了关键作用。无症状的携带者可能会通过零星的打喷嚏无意中传播病毒。提出了一种新的计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，通过结合最先进的实验和数值方法实现了对人打喷嚏的真实建模。这种建模方法可能适用于未来旨在重塑公共空间和公共区域的工程分析，主要目标是准确预测可能含有病原体的气溶胶和液滴的传播。这项研究表明，一个人打喷嚏的生物力学，包括复杂的肌肉收缩和放松，可以准确地模拟打喷嚏时的头部角运动和动态压力响应。这些都被认为是人为因素，并通过在耦合欧拉-拉格朗日动量方程中施加动量源项，在CFD模拟中实施。动量源是由测得的动态压力响应结合头部角运动来建模的。这种方法消除了创建一组特别的入口边界条件的需要。利用所提出的技术，更容易在复杂的计算域中添加多个固定和/或移动的喷嚏源。此外，还根据不同的环境条件进行了广泛的敏感性分析，并根据潜在的病毒传播描述了其影响。由AIP Publishing授权出版。
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread pattern continues to show that geographical barriers alone cannot contain a virus. Asymptomatic carriers play a critical role in the nature of this virus quickly escalating into a global pandemic. Asymptomatic carriers may transmit the virus unintentionally through sporadic sneezing. A novel Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach has been proposed with a realistic modeling of a human sneeze achieved by the combination of state-of-the-art experimental and numerical methods. This modeling approach may be suitable for future engineering analyses aimed at reshaping public spaces and common areas, with the main objective to accurately predict the spread of aerosol and droplets that may contain pathogens. This study shows that the biomechanics of a human sneeze, including complex muscle contractions and relaxations, can be accurately modeled by the angular head motion and the dynamic pressure response during sneezing. These have been considered as the human factors and were implemented in the CFD simulation by imposing a momentum source term to the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian momentum equations. The momentum source was modeled by the measured dynamic pressure response in conjunction with the angular head motion. This approach eliminated the need to create an ad hoc set of inlet boundary conditions. With this proposed technique, it is easier to add multiple fixed and/or moving sources of sneezes in complex computational domains. Additionally, extensive sensitivity analyses based on different environmental conditions were performed, and their impact was described in terms of potential virus spread. Published under license by AIP Publishing.