SCIENCE AND CULTIVATION OF EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL FUNGI
SCIENCE AND CULTIVATION OF EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL FUNGI
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食药用菌科学与栽培
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通讯作者：
R. Lim
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作者：
R. Lim
虎乳菇（Lancosus rhinocerotis），俗称虎乳菇，已被东南亚社区使用了400多年，用于治疗15种以上的医学疾病，包括哮喘，发烧，咳嗽，感冒，鼻窦炎，癌症，食物中毒，关节疼痛和伤口愈合。它也被用作一般的健康补品，用于提高活力。然而，这种稀有蘑菇的研究和开发受到野生供应有限的阻碍。近年来，L. rhinocerotis TM 02已经使许多科学研究得以进行，以验证其生物活性的声明以及rhinocerotis TM 02的有效性和安全性。科学研究表明，L. rhinocerotis TM 02含有多种活性成分，如多糖-蛋白质复合物、β-葡聚糖、蛋白质、免疫调节蛋白，所有这些都具有生物活性，具有显著的药用特性，如抗炎、免疫调节、抗增殖、抗氧化、刺激神经突生长等。基因组研究表明，这种蘑菇中存在一种新的真菌免疫调节蛋白（FIP）。这种新型真菌免疫调节蛋白的基因序列和三维模型最近已被阐明。临床前毒理学评价表明，犀牛角乳杆菌TM 02对生育力、致畸性和遗传毒性无任何不良影响。在一项180天慢性毒性研究中，犀牛角乳杆菌TM 02的无明显不良作用水平（NOAEL）剂量超过1000 mg/kg，相当于162 mg/kg人体剂量，而60 kg成人的预期剂量仅为约10 g。对于成年人来说，犀牛角乳杆菌TM 02的有效剂量为每天0.5 g，因此食用安全范围很宽。根据用户的经验和反馈，L.rhinocerotis TM 02已被证明在广泛的呼吸系统健康和免疫健康状况中有效，保持关节健康，提高活力和耐力，并改善癌症患者的生活质量。
Lignosus rhinocerotis, commonly known as Tiger Milk Mushroom, has been used for more than 400 years by South East Asian communities for its healing properties on more than 15 types of medical ailments including asthma, fever, cough, cold, sinusitis, cancer, food poisoning, joint pain, and wound healing. It has also been consumed as general health tonic for improving vitality. However, research and development of this rare mushroom was hindered by its limited supply from the wild. Recent successful commercial cultivation and mass production of L. rhinocerotis TM02 has enabled numerous scientific studies to be conducted to verify claims of its bioactivity and, the efficacy and safety profile of L .rhinocerotis TM02. Scientific investigations revealed that L. rhinocerotis TM02 contains various active components such as the polysaccharides-protein complexes, β-glucan, protein, immune-modulatory proteins, all of which are biologically active in rendering significant medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidative, neurite outgrowth stimulation etc. Genomic study has shown the presence of a novel fungal immuno-modulatory protein (FIP) in this mushroom. The gene sequence and three dimensional model of this novel fungal immune-modulatory protein have been recently elucidated. Pre-clinical toxicology evaluations showed that L.rhinocerotis TM02 did not induce any adverse effect on fertility, teratogenicity and genotoxicity. The no-observedadverse-effect level (NOAEL) dose of the L.rhinocerotis TM02 in a 180-day chronic toxicity study is more than 1000 mg/kg which is equivalent to 162 mg/kg human dose whilst the anticipated dose for a 60 kg adult is only ~10g. The effective dosage of L.rhinocerotis TM02 is 0.5g per day for an adult, therefore there is a wide safety margin for consumption. Based on users’ experiences and feedback, L.rhinocerotis TM02 has been shown to be effective in a broad spectrum of respiratory health and immune health conditions, maintaining the health of joints, improving vitality and stamina, and improving the quality of life of cancer patients.