The Legal Structure of the Firm
The Legal Structure of the Firm
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公司的法律结构
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jean
在企业理论的文献中，企业和公司的概念经常被混淆。本文对这两个概念作了明确的区分：公司是一个法律的实体，有权在法律的体系中运作，尤其有权拥有资产、订立合同和承担债务。它被用来合法地构建公司的原因有很多，包括需要将公司运营的关键产权定位在独立的、虚构的、法律的人的所有权中。这就避免了当事方在签订合同后进行讨价还价，否则这些当事方将对公司业务中使用的关键资产拥有剩余控制权。公司法律的人格的资产分割效应还具有若干经济属性。企业是一种经济活动，它是一系列合同的结果，这些合同将拥有这些资产的公司与公司运营所需资源的各种持有者联系起来。本文解释了公司和企业之间这种明显区别所产生的许多后果，包括需要扩大企业管理层受托责任的受益人范围。
The notions of firm and corporation are very often confused in the literature on the theory of the firm. In this paper, the two notions are sharply distinguished: the corporation is a legal entity entitled to operate in the legal system and in particular to own assets, to enter into contracts and to incur liabilities. It is used to legally structure firms for numerous reasons, including the need to locate property rights key for the operation of the firm in the ownership of separate, fictitious, legal persons. This avoids ex post-contracting bargaining by parties which otherwise would hold residual control rights over key assets used in the firms operations. The assets partitioning effect of corporate legal personality has also several economizing properties reviewed in the article. The firm is the economic activity developed as a consequence of the cluster of contracts connecting the corporation owning these assets to various holders of resources required in the firms operations. Numerous consequences deriving from this sharp distinction between corporation and firm are explained in this article, including the need to extend the circle of the beneficiaries of the firm managements fiduciary duties.