Rapid responses of soil microorganisms improve plant fitness in novel environments
Rapid responses of soil microorganisms improve plant fitness in novel environments
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1202319109
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发表时间：
2012-08-28
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lennon, Jay T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lau, Jennifer A.;Lennon, Jay T.
全球变化正在给动植物种群带来新的环境条件，包括大气中二氧化碳浓度的增加、气温的升高和降水制度的改变。在某些情况下，当代或“快速”的进化可以改善全球变化的影响。然而，进化反应的方向和大小可能取决于与同样经历新环境条件的其他社区成员的互动。在这里，我们在一个多世代的实验中研究了植物对干旱胁迫的适应，该实验操纵了植物和土壤微生物群落之间的地上和地下反馈。尽管干旱胁迫降低了植物的生长，加速了植物的物候，但令人惊讶的是，植物对干旱的进化反应相对较弱。相反，植物在干旱和非干旱环境中的适合性与土壤微生物群落结构对水分调控的快速反应密切相关。具体地说，当植物的当代环境条件(湿土壤与干土壤)与其相关微生物群落的历史环境条件(湿土壤与干土壤)相匹配时，植物最适合生长。综上所述，我们的发现表明，当面临环境变化时，植物可能不仅限于“适应或迁移”策略；相反，它们还可能受益于与相互作用的物种的联系，特别是对环境变化快速反应的不同土壤微生物群落。
Global change is challenging plant and animal populations with novel environmental conditions, including increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warmer temperatures, and altered precipitation regimes. In some cases, contemporary or "rapid" evolution can ameliorate the effects of global change. However, the direction and magnitude of evolutionary responses may be contingent upon interactions with other community members that also are experiencing novel environmental conditions. Here, we examine plant adaptation to drought stress in a multigeneration experiment that manipulated aboveground-belowground feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities. Although drought stress reduced plant growth and accelerated plant phenologies, surprisingly, plant evolutionary responses to drought were relatively weak. In contrast, plant fitness in both drought and nondrought environments was linked strongly to the rapid responses of soil microbial community structure to moisture manipulations. Specifically, plants were most fit when their contemporary environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) matched the historical environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) of their associated microbial community. Together, our findings suggest that, when faced with environmental change, plants may not be limited to "adapt or migrate" strategies; instead, they also may benefit from association with interacting species, especially diverse soil microbial communities, that respond rapidly to environmental change.