The Implicit Revolution: Reconceiving the Relation Between Conscious and Unconscious
The Implicit Revolution: Reconceiving the Relation Between Conscious and Unconscious
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DOI：
10.1037/amp0000238
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Banaji, Mahzarin R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwald, Anthony G.;Banaji, Mahzarin R.
在20世纪70年代，记忆研究者们开始关注在科尔萨科夫综合征健忘症患者身上观察到的有趣现象。这些病人在困难任务上的表现通过他们什么也记不起来的练习环节得到了可靠的改善。间接记忆效应在大学生中的相关发现引发了人们对这种现象的广泛关注，这种现象在1985年首次被确定为内隐记忆。在十年内，内隐记忆研究的间接测量方法已经扩展到社会心理学家对态度和刻板印象的研究。又过了20年，这场不断发展的革命的方法和发现，改变了人们对过去的学习如何绕过有意识的意识，塑造有意识的判断和感知的理解。这场心理学思想的革命正处于重新认识无意识和有意识心理过程之间关系的风口浪尖上。此外，它要求研究人员仔细注意许多自我报告的措施，现在通常被视为面子有效的理由。
In the 1970s, memory researchers converged on interesting phenomena observed in Korsakoff-syndrome amnesic patients. These patients' performances on difficult tasks were reliably improved by practice sessions from which they could recall nothing. Related findings of indirect memory effects in college students triggered wide attention to phenomena that, in 1985, were first identified as implicit memory. Within a decade, the indirect measurement methods of implicit memory research had spread to social psychologists' studies of attitudes and stereotypes. After another two decades, the methods and findings of this developing revolution have revised understanding of how past learning, operating in ways that bypass conscious awareness, nevertheless shapes conscious judgment and perception. This revolution in psychological thinking is on the cusp of reconceiving the relation between unconscious and conscious mental process. Further, it demands researchers' careful attention to justification for many self-report measures that are now routinely treated as face-valid.