Effects of Temperature on Flower Development and Fruit Set of 'Satohnishiki' Sweet Cherry
Effects of Temperature on Flower Development and Fruit Set of 'Satohnishiki' Sweet Cherry
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温度对‘里锦’甜樱桃花发育和座果的影响
DOI：
10.2503/jjshs.65.707
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
I. Kataoka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Beppu;S. Okamoto;A. Sugiyama;I. Kataoka
研究了温度对“里锦”甜樱桃花发育和座果的影响.从开花前一个月至花瓣落下，树在白天在控制在10、15、20和25°C的阳光照射的生长室中生长，并在夜间在田间条件下生长（处理期间的平均最低温度为7.7°C）。高温加速开花，但显着减少花的大小。用高砂花粉人工授粉，在10、15、20和25°C下的坐果率分别为36、50、29和2%。在另一个实验中，比较了在低温制度下生长的树（白天10至15°C/夜间自然温度（处理期间的平均最低温度为5.4°C））和在高温制度下生长的树（从开花前一个月到花瓣掉落，白天20至25°C/夜间10至15°C）的花的解剖学特征。高温抑制子房生长，诱导小胚珠和珠心。开花时，大部分胚囊在两种温度下都还未成熟。在高温下，珠心和胚囊迅速退化。在低温条件下，胚囊继续发育，花后2d有48%的胚囊发育到八核期，表明胚囊和珠心的迅速退化是高温胁迫下幼芽坐果率降低的主要原因。
Effects of temperature on flower development and fruit set of 'Satohnishiki' sweet cherry were studied.1. Trees were grown in sunlit growth chambers controlled at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C during the day and grown under field condition at night (average minimum temperature during treatment was 7.7°C) from one month before anthesis to petal fall. The high temperature hastened blooming but markedly reduced flower size. When flowers were hand-pollinated with pollen of 'Takasago', the fruit set at 10, 15, 20, and 25°C were 36, 50, 29, and 2%, respectively.2. In another experiment, the anatomical characteristics of flowers were compared between the trees grown in low temperature regime; 10 to 15°C during the day/natural temperature at night (average minimum temperature during treatment was 5.4°C) and those grown in high temperature regime ; 20 to 25°C during the day/10 to 15°C at night from one month before anthesis to petal fall. High temperature suppressed ovary growth and induced small ovules and nucelli. At anthesis, most of the embryo sacs were still immature in both temperature regimes. At high temperature, the nucelli and embryo sacs degenerated rapidly thereafter. At low temperature, the embryo sac development continued so that 48% of the embryo sacs reached the eight-nucleate stage two days after anthesis.These results reveal that the rapid degeneration of embryo sac and nucellus is a major reason for the reduction in fruit set when the developing buds are exposed to high temperatures.