Vision affects mushroom bodies and central complex in Drosophila melanogaster
Vision affects mushroom bodies and central complex in Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.4.2.219
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Heisenberg, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barth, M;Heisenberg, M
果蝇的大脑在结构上受到感官刺激的改变，这些刺激是果蝇在成年生活中接受的。蘑菇体、中央复合体和视叶的大小和纤维数量受到社会、空间或嗅觉线索的影响。最近，视叶已经被证明依赖于苍蝇所经历的光制度。大脑的结构可塑性被认为与功能适应和长期记忆有关。因此，我们将我们对体积变化的研究扩展到蘑菇体的花萼和中央复合体。我们发现，与在完全黑暗中饲养苍蝇相比，在恒光下饲养4天会增加这两个结构的体积高达15%。这种差异很大程度上是在第一天形成的。光的影响不是荷尔蒙调节的，因为单眼剥夺的果蝇发育出更小的同侧花瓣。突变分析表明，光通过已知的视觉途径产生效果。与视叶相反，在花萼和中央复合体中，结构变化可以与cAMP信号联系在一起，在突变体dunce(1)和健忘症(1)中没有观察到体积差异。令人惊讶的是，突变体rutabaga(1)在花萼和中央复合体中显示出显著的光依赖性体积增加，分离了行为可塑性的结构。在完全黑暗的条件下，野生苍蝇在拥挤的条件下，在正常的培养瓶中生长出比以新鲜食物为食的小群体饲养的更大的花瓣。这种拥挤的刺激效应在任何cAMP突变体中都没有观察到，包括Rutabaga(1)。
The brain of Drosophila is structurally altered by sensory stimuli that the flies receive during their adult life. Size and fiber number of the mushroom bodies, central complex, and optic lobes are influenced by social, spatial, or olfactory cues. Recently, the optic lobes have been shown to depend on the Light regime that flies experience. Structural plasticity in the brain is thought to be a correlate of functional adaptations and long-term memory. We therefore extend our investigation of volume changes to the calyces of the mushroom bodies and the central complex. We show that rearing flies in constant light for 4 days increases the volume of both structures by up to 15% compared to rearing them in total darkness. Much of this difference develops during the first day. The effect of light is not hormonally mediated, as monocularly deprived flies develop a smaller ipsilateral calyx. Mutant analysis suggests that Light generates its effects through known visual pathways. In contrast to the optic lobes, in the calyx and central complex structural changes can be linked to cAMP signaling, as in the mutants dunce(1) and amnesiac(1) no volume differences are observed. Surprisingly, the mutant rutabaga(1) shows a prominent light-dependent volume increase in the calyx and central complex, dissociating structural ft om behavioral plasticity. In complete darkness wild-type flies grow larger calyces under crowded conditions in their normal culture vials than if kept in small groups on fresh food. This stimulating effect of crowding is not observed in any of the cAMP mutants, including rutabaga(1).