Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its application to cancer.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and its application to cancer.
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DOI：
10.1102/1470-7330.2006.0021
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发表时间：
2006-09-13
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
deSouza, Nandita M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charles-Edwards, Elizabeth M;deSouza, Nandita M
扩散加权磁共振成像 (DW-MRI) 通过测量组织内水的扩散特性来提供图像对比度。将扩散敏化梯度应用于 MR 脉冲序列可以识别 1-20 μm 距离内的水分子位移。扩散可以主要是单向的（各向异性）或非单向的（各向同性）。组合使用不同量的扩散加权获得的图像可提供表观扩散系数 (ADC) 图。在癌症成像中，DW-MRI 已用于区分脑肿瘤和瘤周水肿。它也越来越多地用于区分肝脏、乳房和前列腺中的良性和恶性病变，其中恶性病变的细胞结构增加限制了细胞外空间减少的水运动。事实证明，它在监测治疗方面很有价值，其中细胞肿胀和细胞凋亡引起的变化可以作为 ADC 的变化在比随后的常规放射学反应指标更早的阶段进行测量。
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) provides image contrast through measurement of the diffusion properties of water within tissues. Application of diffusion sensitising gradients to the MR pulse sequence allows water molecular displacement over distances of 1–20 μm to be recognised. Diffusion can be predominantly unidirectional (anisotropic) or not (isotropic). Combining images obtained with different amounts of diffusion weighting provides an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. In cancer imaging DW-MRI has been used to distinguish brain tumours from peritumoural oedema. It is also increasingly exploited to differentiate benign and malignant lesions in liver, breast and prostate where increased cellularity of malignant lesions restricts water motion in a reduced extracellular space. It is proving valuable in monitoring treatment where changes due to cell swelling and apoptosis are measurable as changes in ADC at an earlier stage than subsequent conventional radiological response indicators.