Land-use history determines ecosystem services and conservation value in tropical agroforestry
Land-use history determines ecosystem services and conservation value in tropical agroforestry
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DOI：
10.1111/conl.12740
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发表时间：
2020-06-14
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Kreft, Holger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, Dominic Andreas;Osen, Kristina;Kreft, Holger
农林业被广泛推广为实现多个联合国可持续发展目标的潜在解决方案，包括零饥饿、负责任的消费和生产、气候行动和陆地生活。尽管如此，热带农林往往是直接森林转变的结果，取代了迅速消失且生物多样性丰富、碳储量巨大的森林，造成了不良的权衡。因此，科学家们争论在热带地区推广农林业是否是一项明智的政策。到目前为止，这场争论通常没有考虑土地利用历史，即农林是源自森林还是源自开放土地。事实上，我们系统审查的论文中有 57% 没有描述重点农林业系统的土地利用历史。我们进一步发现，森林衍生农林业比开放土地衍生农林业支持更高的生物多样性，但本质上代表了森林退化，而开放土地衍生农林业则恢复了以前森林覆盖的开放土地。根据概念框架，我们建议（a）在合适的开放土地上促进农林业，（b）维持现有森林衍生农林的树木覆盖率，以及（c）保护剩余森林。土地利用历史应纳入土地利用政策，以避免刺激森林退化，并利用农林业在生态系统服务和生物多样性方面的潜力。
Agroforestry is widely promoted as a potential solution to address multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, including Zero Hunger, Responsible Consumption and Production, Climate Action, and Life on Land. Nonetheless, agroforests in the tropics often result from direct forest conversions, displacing rapidly vanishing and highly biodiverse forests with large carbon stocks, causing undesirable trade-offs. Scientists thus debate whether the promotion of agroforestry in tropical landscapes is a sensible policy. So far, this debate typically fails to consider land-use history, that is, whether an agroforest is derived from forest or from open land. Indeed, 57% of papers which we systematically reviewed did not describe the land-use history of focal agroforestry systems. We further find that forest-derived agroforestry supports higher biodiversity than open-land-derived agroforestry but essentially represents a degradation of forest, whereas open-land-derived agroforestry rehabilitates formerly forested open land. Based on a conceptual framework, we recommend to (a) promote agroforestry on suitable open land, (b) maintain tree cover in existing forest-derived agroforests, and (c) conserve remaining forests. Land-use history should be incorporated into land-use policy to avoid incentivizing forest degradation and to harness the potential of agroforestry for ecosystem services and biodiversity.