COPING THEORY AND RESEARCH - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
COPING THEORY AND RESEARCH - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-199305000-00002
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发表时间：
1993-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
LAZARUS, RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LAZARUS, RS
在这篇纪念唐纳德·奥肯的文章中，我强调应对是适应与健康理论和研究的一个关键概念。我的重点将是两种应对方法之间的对比，一种是强调风格--也就是把应对作为一种人格特征--另一种是强调过程--也就是努力管理压力，这种压力会随着时间的推移而变化，并受到产生压力的适应环境的影响。我从描述风格和过程方法开始，简要讨论了它们的历史，阐述了过程方法的原则，描述了我自己在测量方面的努力，并从过程的角度定义了应对及其功能。随后对应对过程研究的主要结论进行了总结。文章最后讨论了应对测量的特殊问题，特别是应对方式和过程方法的局限性，以及如何处理这些局限性。在过去的一二十年里，有大量的应对研究，我只能选择性地提及这些研究。在这篇文章中，我还忽略了一系列与婴儿应对及其认知和动机基础的出现有关的重要发展问题，以及越来越多的关于应对过程是否、如何以及为什么会随着年龄变化的文献。
In this essay in honor of Donald Oken, I emphasize coping as a key concept for theory and research on adaptation and health. My focus will be the contrasts between two approaches to coping, one that emphasizes style—that is, it treats coping as a personality characteristic—and another that emphasizes process—that is, efforts to manage stress that change over time and are shaped by the adaptational context out of which it is generated. I begin with an account of the style and process approaches, discuss their history briefly, set forth the principles of a process approach, describe my own efforts at measurement, and define coping and its functions from a process standpoint. This is followed by a digest of major generalizations that resulted from coping process research. The essay concludes with a discussion of special issues of coping measurement, in particular, the limitations of both coping style and process approaches and how these limitations might be dealt with. There has been a prodigious volume of coping research in the last decade or two, which I can only touch on very selectively. In this essay, I also ignore a host of important developmental issues that have to do with the emergence of coping and its cognitive and motivational bases in infants, as well as a growing literature on whether, how, and why the coping process changes with aging.