Genetics of human origin and evolution: high-altitude adaptations.

Genetics of human origin and evolution: high-altitude adaptations.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.018
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发表时间:
2016-12
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Bigham AW
Bigham AW
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bigham AW

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高海拔,即海拔2 500米以上,对人类的生存和繁衍构成挑战。这种环境提供了一种自然的实验设计,其中特定的人群,安第斯人,埃塞俄比亚人和西藏人,数千年来一直生活在慢性缺氧状态中。这些人类群体通过独特的生理和遗传适应克服了高海拔地区的低环境氧压。基因组研究已经确定了几个基因的基础高海拔适应性表型,其中许多是缺氧诱导因子(HIF)途径的核心组成部分。进一步研究高原适应性变化的机制将有助于我们理解进化变化的分子基础,并有助于人类基因组的功能注释。
High altitude, defined as elevations lying above 2,500 m sea level, challenges human survival and reproduction. This environment provides a natural experimental design wherein specific populations, Andeans, Ethiopians, and Tibetans, have lived in a chronic hypoxia state for millennia. These human groups have overcome the low ambient oxygen tension of high elevation via unique physiologic and genetic adaptations. Genomic studies have identified several genes that underlie high-altitude adaptive phenotypes, many of which are central components of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway. Further study of mechanisms governing the adaptive changes responsible for high-altitude adaptation will contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of evolutionary change and assist in the functional annotation of the human genome.
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