Developmental effects on behavioural response for social preferences in frog tadpoles, Rana ornativentris.
Developmental effects on behavioural response for social preferences in frog tadpoles, Rana ornativentris.
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青蛙蝌蚪社会偏好行为反应的发育效应。
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.001
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Nobuuki Kutsukake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kazuko Hase;Nobuuki Kutsukake
我们使用不同大小的R进行了选择测试。ornativentris蝌蚪。小蝌蚪表现出相似的大小偏好，而大蝌蚪没有。小蝌蚪避免与大的非兄弟姐妹的协会。大蝌蚪避免与小兄弟姐妹的协会。蝌蚪改变他们的社会偏好沿着与个体发育。因为生活在一个群体的成本和收益根据个体发育阶段的变化，在身体大小的变化预计会导致社会偏好的差异，即使在个人。基于群体生活的适应性后果，预测早期发育阶段的小个体会形成聚集以减少捕食风险，而大个体会避免彼此以减少资源竞争。此外，当个人承认亲属时，社会偏好可能会因他们之间的亲属关系而有所不同。在这项研究中，我们研究了不同大小的蛙ornativentris蝌蚪，即小的个人在早期发育阶段和较大的蝌蚪在后期发育阶段的协会偏好。我们的二元选择实验表明，无论大小，R。ornativentris蝌蚪可以区分同种之间的表型和相关性的基础上。也就是说，关联偏好是由主题和两个刺激蝌蚪的大小和相关性决定的。无论是小的还是大的个体都比大的蝌蚪花更长的时间。然而，有一个显着的差异，在小蝌蚪和大蝌蚪之间的偏好。当两个刺激蝌蚪之一是一个大的nonsibling，小蝌蚪往往与小兄弟姐妹和小nonsibling。相比之下，大蝌蚪对小的兄弟姐妹没有偏好。在分组的好处的背景下，表型匹配只对小蝌蚪有效。相反，在同种竞争的压力下，大蝌蚪不喜欢与相似大小的蝌蚪交往;这可能使大蝌蚪避免与亲属竞争，并减少群体生活的成本。
HighlightsWe performed a choice test using different-sized R. ornativentris tadpoles.Small tadpoles showed preference for similar size, whereas large tadpoles did not.Small tadpoles avoided association with large nonsiblings.Large tadpoles avoided association with small siblings.Tadpoles changed their social preference along with ontogeny.Because the costs and benefits of living in a group change according to ontogenetic stage, variation in body size is predicted to cause differences in social preferences even within individuals. Based on the fitness consequences of group living, small individuals in early developmental stages are predicted to form aggregations to reduce predation risk, whereas large individuals will avoid one another to reduce resource competition. Furthermore, when individuals recognize kin, social preferences may vary depending on the kinship relationship between them. In this study, we examined the association preference of different-sized Rana ornativentris tadpoles, that is, small individuals in early developmental stages and larger tadpoles at later developmental stages. Our binary choice experiments showed that, regardless of size, R. ornativentris tadpoles can discriminate between conspecifics based on both phenotype and relatedness. That is, association preferences were determined by the size and relatedness of the subject and the two stimulus tadpoles. Both small and large individuals spent longer with small than large tadpoles. However, there was a significant difference in preference between small and large tadpoles. When one of the two stimulus tadpoles was a large nonsibling, small tadpoles tended to associate with both small siblings and small nonsiblings. In contrast, large tadpoles showed no preference for small siblings. In the context of the benefits of grouping, phenotype matching would be effective only in small tadpoles. Conversely, under the pressure of conspecific competition, large tadpoles did not prefer to associate with similar-sized ones; this may have enabled large tadpoles to avoid competing with kin and to reduce the costs of group living.