Overcoming the inevitable anchoring effect: Considering the opposite compensates for selective accessibility
Overcoming the inevitable anchoring effect: Considering the opposite compensates for selective accessibility
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DOI：
10.1177/01461672002611010
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Pfeiffer, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mussweiler, T;Strack, F;Pfeiffer, T
锚定效应——将数值估计同化到先前考虑的标准——已被证明是非常稳健的。然而，两项研究的结果；证明可以通过采用相反的考虑策略来减少锚定。基于选择性可及性模型，假设锚定是由锚一致知识可及性的选择性增加所介导的，作者假设锚不一致知识可及性的增加可以减轻锚不一致知识可及性的影响。考虑相反的情况（即，产生锚不合适的原因）可以实现这一目标，因此被证明是一种成功的纠正策略。在使用专家作为参与者的现实环境中，研究1证明，列出反对所提供的锚值的论点会降低效果。研究2进一步表明，锚定和考虑相反的影响是相加的。
Anchoring effects-the assimilation of a numeric estimate to a previously considered standard-have proved to be remarkably robust. Results of two studies, however; demonstrate that anchoring can be reduced by applying a consider-the-opposite strategy. Based on the Selective Accessibility Model, which assumes that anchoring is mediated by the selectively increased accessibility of anchor-consistent knowledge, the authors hypothesized that increasing the accessibility of anchor-inconsistent knowledge mitigates the effect. Considering the opposite (i.e., generating reasons why an anchor is inappropriate) fulfills this objective and consequently proves to be a successful corrective strategy. In a real-world setting using experts as participants, Study I demonstrated that listing arguments that speak against a provided anchor value reduces the effect. Study 2 further revealed that the effects of anchoring and considering the opposite are additive.