Large-scale mapping and mutagenesis of human transcriptional effector domains.

Large-scale mapping and mutagenesis of human transcriptional effector domains.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41586-023-05906-y
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发表时间:
2023-04
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Bintu, Lacramioara
Bintu, Lacramioara
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
DelRosso, Nicole;Tycko, Josh;Suzuki, Peter;Andrews, Cecelia;Mukund, Adi;Liongson, Ivan;Ludwig, Connor;Spees, Kaitlyn;Fordyce, Polly;Bassik, Michael C.;Bintu, Lacramioara

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人类基因表达受2,000多种转录因子和染色质调节因子调节。这些蛋白质内的效应结构域可以激活或抑制转录。然而,对于许多这些调节剂,我们不知道它们包含什么类型的效应结构域,它们在蛋白质中的位置,它们的激活和抑制强度,以及它们的功能所必需的序列。在这里,我们系统地测量了人类细胞中大多数染色质调节因子和转录因子(2,047种蛋白质)中> 100,000个蛋白质片段的效应子活性。通过测试它们在报告基因处被招募时的效果,我们注释了374个激活结构域和715个抑制结构域,其中约80%是新的并且以前没有注释。所有效应子结构域的合理诱变和缺失扫描揭示了散布有酸性、脯氨酸、丝氨酸和/或谷氨酰胺残基的芳香族和/或亮氨酸残基是激活结构域活性所必需的。此外,大多数阻遏结构域序列含有SUMO化位点、用于募集共阻遏物的短相互作用基序,或者是用于募集其他阻遏蛋白的结构化结合结构域。令人惊讶的是,我们发现了可以激活和抑制的双功能结构域,其中一些结构域动态地将细胞群分为高表达和低表达亚群。我们对效应域的系统性注释和表征为理解人类转录因子和染色质调节因子的功能、控制基因表达的工程紧凑工具以及改进效应域功能的预测模型提供了丰富的资源。
Human gene expression is regulated by over 2,000 transcription factors and chromatin regulators. Effector domains within these proteins can activate or repress transcription. However, for many of these regulators we do not know what type of effector domains they contain, their location in the protein, their activation and repression strengths, and the sequences that are necessary for their functions. Here, we systematically measure the effector activity of >100,000 protein fragments tiling across most chromatin regulators and transcription factors in human cells (2,047 proteins). By testing the effect they have when recruited at reporter genes, we annotate 374 activation domains and 715 repression domains, ~80% of which are novel and not previously annotated. Rational mutagenesis and deletion scans across all the effector domains reveal aromatic and/or leucine residues interspersed with acidic, proline, serine, and/or glutamine residues are necessary for activation domain activity. Additionally, most repression domain sequences contain either sites for SUMOylation, short interaction motifs for recruiting co-repressors, or are structured binding domains for recruiting other repressive proteins. Surprisingly, we discover bifunctional domains that can both activate and repress, some of which dynamically split a cell population into high- and low-expression subpopulations. Our systematic annotation and characterization of effector domains provide a rich resource for understanding the function of human transcription factors and chromatin regulators, engineering compact tools for controlling gene expression, and refining predictive models of effector domain function.
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期刊: The EMBO journal
影响因子: --
作者:
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