Understanding accountability in algorithmic supply chains
Understanding accountability in algorithmic supply chains
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DOI：
10.1145/3593013.3594073
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jennifer Cobbe;Michael Veale;Jatinder Singh
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jennifer Cobbe;Michael Veale;Jatinder Singh
关于算法问责制的学术和政策建议通常寻求在其社会技术背景下理解算法系统，认识到它们是由“许多人”生产的。然而，算法系统也越来越多地在供应链中生产、部署和使用，该供应链由多个参与者组成，通过它们之间的数据流联系在一起。在这种情况下，正是不同参与者的算法供应链的共同努力，这些参与者为驱动系统并产生特定结果的生产、部署、使用和功能做出了贡献。我们认为，算法问责的讨论必须考虑供应链及其对算法系统的治理和问责提出的困难影响。在此过程中，我们探索了算法供应链，将其置于更广泛的技术和政治经济背景中，并确定了未来在算法治理和问责制（特别是通用AI服务）方面应该理解的一些关键特征。为了突出前进的方向和需要注意的领域，我们进一步讨论了供应链提出的一些影响：分配责任的挑战，由于参与者之间的系统分配责任，有限的可见性，由于问责视野，使用和责任的服务模式，跨境供应链和监管套利。
Academic and policy proposals on algorithmic accountability often seek to understand algorithmic systems in their socio-technical context, recognising that they are produced by ‘many hands’. Increasingly, however, algorithmic systems are also produced, deployed, and used within a supply chain comprising multiple actors tied together by flows of data between them. In such cases, it is the working together of an algorithmic supply chain of different actors who contribute to the production, deployment, use, and functionality that drives systems and produces particular outcomes. We argue that algorithmic accountability discussions must consider supply chains and the difficult implications they raise for the governance and accountability of algorithmic systems. In doing so, we explore algorithmic supply chains, locating them in their broader technical and political economic context and identifying some key features that should be understood in future work on algorithmic governance and accountability (particularly regarding general purpose AI services). To highlight ways forward and areas warranting attention, we further discuss some implications raised by supply chains: challenges for allocating accountability stemming from distributed responsibility for systems between actors, limited visibility due to the accountability horizon, service models of use and liability, and cross-border supply chains and regulatory arbitrage.