Cutting, Amplifying, and Aligning Microtubules with Severing Enzymes.

Cutting, Amplifying, and Aligning Microtubules with Severing Enzymes.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tcb.2020.10.004
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发表时间:
2021-01
影响因子:
19
通讯作者:
Howard J
Howard J
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kuo YW;Howard J

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微管切割酶- katanin,spastin,fidgetin -是相关的AAA-ATP酶,将微管切割成较短的细丝。这些蛋白质,也称为severases,参与广泛的细胞过程,包括细胞分裂,神经元发育和组织形态发生。有趣的是,severases可以放大微管细胞骨架,而不仅仅是破坏它。最近的工作spastin和katanin已经部分解决了这个矛盾,表明这些酶是微管生长的强有力的促进剂。在这里,我们回顾了最近的结构和生物物理学的进展,了解切断和促进生长的分子机制,提供洞察切断酶如何塑造微管网络。
Microtubule-severing enzymes – katanin, spastin, fidgetin – are related AAA-ATPases that cut microtubules into shorter filaments. These proteins, also called severases, are involved in a wide range of cellular processes including cell division, neuronal development, and tissue morphogenesis. Paradoxically, severases can amplify the microtubule cytoskeleton and not just destroy it. Recent work on spastin and katanin has partially resolved this paradox by showing that these enzymes are strong promoters of microtubule growth. Here, we review recent structural and biophysical advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of severing and growth promotion that provide insight into how severing enzymes shape microtubule networks.
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