Farming systems and Conservation Agriculture: Technology, structures and agency in Malawi
Farming systems and Conservation Agriculture: Technology, structures and agency in Malawi
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农业系统和保护性农业：马拉维的技术、结构和机构
DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104612
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Jew E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jew E
保护性农业（CA）被认为是一种农业创新，可以提高小农对未来气候变化的适应能力。在2015/16年El Niño事件所带来的条件下，在马拉维南部的家庭、地区和国家机构层面审查了CA的实施情况。确定农户面临的农业系统制约因素，并对与农业生产相关的技术、结构和机构进行评价。最严重的制约因素与家庭健康有关，除了外部肥料投入和改良种子品种的供应之外，还会对劳动力和货币产生影响。我们的研究结果表明，目前的农业系统支持结构没有充分解决这些制约因素，围绕CA的机构（在政府推广服务和非政府组织农业项目中）主要将注意力集中在实地实践上，而不是更广泛的系统制约因素，如教育和卫生支持系统。地方机构有限的能力削弱了实施CA等新技术的长期努力。至关重要的是，农民以适合当地的方式适应新技术的灵活性不会因为国家和机构的目标而被限制，这些目标是围绕CA等气候智能型技术的狭隘技术定义建立共识。为了使农民能够充分利用CA计划，干预措施必须采取更全面、跨部门的方法。了解并适应当地经验的限制。建设家庭内部采用新农业做法的能力至关重要，将卫生保健支持纳入农业政策是提高小农抵御未来气候变化能力的重要一步。
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is advocated as an agricultural innovation that will improve smallholder famer resilience to future climate change. Under the conditions presented by the El Niño event of 2015/16, the implementation of CA was examined in southern Malawi at household, district and national institutional levels. Agricultural system constraints experienced by farming households are identified, and in response the technologies, structures and agency associated with CA are evaluated. The most significant constraints were linked to household health, with associated labour and monetary impacts, in addition to the availability of external inputs of fertiliser and improved seed varieties. Our findings show that such constraints are not adequately addressed through current agricultural system support structures, with the institutions surrounding CA (in both Government extension services and NGO agricultural projects) focusing attention predominantly at field level practice, rather than on broader system constraints such as education and health support systems. Limited capacity within local institutions undermines long term efforts to implement new technologies such as CA. It is vitally important that the flexibility of farmers to adapt new technologies in a locally-appropriate manner is not closed down through national and institutional aims to build consensus around narrow technical definitions of a climate-smart technology such as CA. To enable farmers to fully utilise CA programmes, interventions must take a more holistic, cross-sectoral approach, understanding and adapting to address locally experienced constraints. Building capacity within households to adopt new agricultural practices is critical, and integrating healthcare support into agricultural policy is a vital step towards increasing smallholder resilience to future climate change.
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DOI：
10.5539/jsd.v8n1p69
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Journal of Sustainable Development
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
The Journal of African History
影响因子：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Tain Luquez;P. Gaur;Ivy M Kosater;Matti Lam;Dylan I. Lee;J. Mares;Fahad Paryani;A. Yadav;V. Menon
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V. Menon