Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys
Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys
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DOI：
10.2307/2532070
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发表时间：
1989-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Rubin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Rubin
表和图。词汇表。1.导论. 1.1概况. 1.2不回答的调查示例。1.3正确处理不响应。1.4单一插补。1.5多重插补。1.6使用多重插补的数值示例。1.7指导读者。2.统计背景。2.1导论. 2.2有限人口中的变量。2.3概率分布及相关计算。2.4指标变量的概率规格。2.5（X，Y）的概率规格。2.6人口质量的贝叶斯推断2.7区间估计2.8构建区间估计的贝叶斯程序，包括显著性水平和点估计。2.9评估程序的性能。2.10贝叶斯和随机化推理的相似性--在许多实际情况下。3.贝叶斯理论的基础3.1重复插补推断的介绍和总结。3.2重复多重插补时的关键分析结果来自缺失值的后验分布。3.3从适度数量的重复完成数据推断标量估计量--数据均值和方差。3.4从中等数量的重复完成的多分量估计的显著性水平--数据均值和方差--协方差矩阵。3.5重复完成的显著性水平-数据显著性水平。3.6当抽样机制可忽略时，已完成数据与已完成数据后验分布的关系。4.基于随机化的评价。4.1导论. 4.2随机化的一般条件--无限m次重复插补推断的有效性。4.3在可忽略无应答的简单情况下正确和不正确的插补方法示例。4.4进一步讨论适当的插补方法。4.5适当插补方法中（Qm，Um，Bm）的渐近分布4.6用标量估计量评价有限-m推断。4.7从矩估计显著性水平--基于统计量Dm和Dm的多分量估计。4.8基于重复显著性水平的显著性水平评估。5.忽略无响应的过程。5.1导论. 5.2在显式模型下创建估算值。5.3具有单变量YI和协变量的一些显式插补模型。5.4多元YI中缺失的单调模式。5.5目前人口调查中缺少社会保障福利。5.6超越单调缺失6.无应答的程序。6.1导论. 6.2单变量YI和无XI的不可解释的无应答。6.3正式的任务与不可重复的无响应。6.4用教育考试服务数据说明混合建模。6.5使用CPS数据说明选择建模。6.6调查的扩展与后续行动。6.7对退休年龄男性饮酒行为调查的随访反应。参考资料。作者索引。主题索引。附录i. 1977年为社会保障局撰写的报告。附录二1983年为人口普查局撰写的报告。
Tables and Figures. Glossary. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Overview. 1.2 Examples of Surveys with Nonresponse. 1.3 Properly Handling Nonresponse. 1.4 Single Imputation. 1.5 Multiple Imputation. 1.6 Numerical Example Using Multiple Imputation. 1.7 Guidance for the Reader. 2. Statistical Background. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Variables in the Finite Population. 2.3 Probability Distributions and Related Calculations. 2.4 Probability Specifications for Indicator Variables. 2.5 Probability Specifications for (X,Y). 2.6 Bayesian Inference for a Population Quality. 2.7 Interval Estimation. 2.8 Bayesian Procedures for Constructing Interval Estimates, Including Significance Levels and Point Estimates. 2.9 Evaluating the Performance of Procedures. 2.10 Similarity of Bayesian and Randomization--Based Inferences in Many Practical Cases. 3. Underlying Bayesian Theory. 3.1 Introduction and Summary of Repeated--Imputation Inferences. 3.2 Key Results for Analysis When the Multiple Imputations are Repeated Draws from the Posterior Distribution of the Missing Values. 3.3 Inference for Scalar Estimands from a Modest Number of Repeated Completed--Data Means and Variances. 3.4 Significance Levels for Multicomponent Estimands from a Modest Number of Repeated Completed--Data Means and Variance--Covariance Matrices. 3.5 Significance Levels from Repeated Completed--Data Significance Levels. 3.6 Relating the Completed--Data and Completed--Data Posterior Distributions When the Sampling Mechanism is Ignorable. 4. Randomization--Based Evaluations. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 General Conditions for the Randomization--Validity of Infinite--m Repeated--Imputation Inferences. 4.3Examples of Proper and Improper Imputation Methods in a Simple Case with Ignorable Nonresponse. 4.4 Further Discussion of Proper Imputation Methods. 4.5 The Asymptotic Distibution of (Qm,Um,Bm) for Proper Imputation Methods. 4.6 Evaluations of Finite--m Inferences with Scalar Estimands. 4.7 Evaluation of Significance Levels from the Moment--Based Statistics Dm and Dm with Multicomponent Estimands. 4.8 Evaluation of Significance Levels Based on Repeated Significance Levels. 5. Procedures with Ignorable Nonresponse. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Creating Imputed Values under an Explicit Model. 5.3 Some Explicit Imputation Models with Univariate YI and Covariates. 5.4 Monotone Patterns of Missingness in Multivariate YI. 5.5 Missing Social Security Benefits in the Current Population Survey. 5.6 Beyond Monotone Missingness. 6. Procedures with Nonignorable Nonresponse. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Nonignorable Nonresponse with Univariate YI and No XI. 6.3 Formal Tasks with Nonignorable Nonresponse. 6.4 Illustrating Mixture Modeling Using Educational Testing Service Data. 6.5 Illustrating Selection Modeling Using CPS Data. 6.6 Extensions to Surveys with Follow--Ups. 6.7 Follow--Up Response in a Survey of Drinking Behavior Among Men of Retirement Age. References. Author Index. Subject Index. Appendix I. Report Written for the Social Security Administration in 1977. Appendix II. Report Written for the Census Bureau in 1983.