Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming)
Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming)
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城市建筑内外的农业：零英亩农业（ZFarming）的现状和具体新颖之处
DOI：
10.1017/s1742170514000143
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Sawicka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Susanne Thomaier;K. Specht;Dietrich Henckel;Axel Dierich;R. Siebert;Ulf B. Freisinger;M. Sawicka
摘要考虑到气候变化和资源短缺等全球趋势，未来城市的一个主要挑战将是减少城市足迹。此外，城市必须成为或保持其居民的宜居环境，并提供社会和经济机会。因此，将粮食生产和城市重新联系起来具有很大的潜力。城市农业的扩散反映了人们对食品和农业如何塑造我们的城市的认识不断提高。越来越多的城市农业项目存在于城市建筑内部和之上，包括开放式屋顶农场、屋顶温室和室内农业。这些项目的特点是不使用土地或种植面积进行农业活动。我们使用“零面积农业”（ZFarming）一词来代表这些农场。本文的目的是：（1）说明和系统化目前的做法ZFarming和（2）讨论具体的新奇ZFarming在更广泛的背景下，城市农业。我们使用一套标准分析了北美、亚洲、澳大利亚和欧洲城市的73个ZFarms，并开发了ZFarming的类型学，同时对纽约屋顶农业的先驱进行了深入访谈。结果表明，ZFarming产生的创新实践可能有助于可持续的城市农业。除了种植粮食，它还生产一系列非粮食和非市场商品。它涉及提高资源效率的新机会、新的农业技术、具体的执行进程和网络、新的粮食供应模式和新的城市空间。
Abstract Considering global trends such as climate change and resource scarcity, a major challenge of future cities will be to reduce urban footprints. Moreover, cities have to become or remain livable for their inhabitants and offer social and economic opportunities. Thus, reconnecting food production and cities offers promising potential. The diffusion of urban farming reflects a rising awareness of how food and farming can shape our cities. A growing number of urban farming projects exist in and on urban buildings, including open rooftop farms, rooftop greenhouses and indoor farming. These projects are characterized by the non-use of land or acreage for farming activities. We use the term ‘Zero-Acreage Farming’ (ZFarming) to represent these farms. The objective of this paper is to: (1) illustrate and systemize present practices of ZFarming and (2) discuss specific novelties of ZFarming in the wider context of urban agriculture. We analyzed 73 ZFarms in cities of North America, Asia, Australia and Europe using a set of criteria, and developed a typology of ZFarming, complemented by in-depth interviews with pioneers in rooftop farming in New York. The results illustrate that ZFarming generates innovative practices that may contribute to a sustainable urban agriculture. Besides growing food, it produces a range of non-food and non-market goods. It involves new opportunities for resource efficiency, new farming technologies, specific implementation processes and networks, new patterns of food supply and new urban spaces.