Experiments on the inactivation of bacteriophage by radiations, and their bearing on the nature of bacteriophage
Experiments on the inactivation of bacteriophage by radiations, and their bearing on the nature of bacteriophage
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辐射灭活噬菌体的实验及其对噬菌体性质的影响
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1946.0023
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发表时间：
1946
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Salaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Lea;M. Salaman
用γ射线、X射线和α射线分别辐照S-13、C-36和Staph-K三种噬菌体。存活曲线呈指数型，且给定剂量的效应与暴露时间无关。对于任何给定的噬菌体，三种辐射的灭活剂量按γ射线、X射线、α射线的顺序增加，而对于任何给定的辐射，三种辐射的灭活剂量按S-13、C-36、Staph-K的顺序减少，这是大小增加的顺序。这些观察结果导致了这样的结论，即单次电离足以使噬菌体颗粒活化。在所研究的最小噬菌体（S-13）的情况下，这种电离无论在颗粒中产生的任何地方都是有效的，并且给出了从这一事实得出结论的理由，S-13是一种类似于可结晶植物病毒的大分子类型的病毒。在较大的噬菌体（C-36和Staph-K）的情况下，虽然单次电离可以激活噬菌体颗粒，但它不足以在噬菌体颗粒中的任何地方产生;为了有效，它必须在更受限制的区域中产生。有人建议，这个辐射敏感区构成的噬菌体的遗传物质，并在此基础上分化成遗传和非遗传物质，这些噬菌体被视为原始的单细胞生物体，而不是大分子。
Three bacteriophages (S-13, C-36 and Staph-K) were irradiated by γ-rays, X -rays and α-rays. The survival curves were exponential, and the effect of a given dose was independent of the exposure time. For any given phage the inactivation doses of the three radiations increased in the order γ-rays, X -rays, α-rays, while for any given radiation the inactivation doses of the three phages diminished in the order S-13, C-36, Staph-K, which is the order of increasing size. These observations lead to the conclusion that a single ionization suffices to inactivate a phage particle. In the case of the smallest phage investigated (S-13) this ionization is effective wherever in the particle it is produced, and reasons are given for concluding from this fact that S-13 is a macromolecular type of virus analogous to the crystallizable plant viruses. In the case of the larger phages (C-36 and Staph-K ), while a single ionization can in activate a phage particle it is not sufficient for it to be produced anywhere in the phage particle; to be effective it must be produced in a more restricted region. It is suggested that this radiosensitive region constitutes the genetical material of the phage, and on the basis of this differentiation into genetic and non-genetic material these phages are regarded as primitive single-celled organisms rather than macromolecules.