The hidden costs of electricity: externalities of power generation in Australia
The hidden costs of electricity: externalities of power generation in Australia
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电力的隐性成本：澳大利亚发电的外部性
DOI：
10.4225/50/555c25c88e7a3
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Biegler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Biegler
本次审查的主要结论是，更加注重外部性，最好以货币形式量化，将有助于澳大利亚从其用于实现减排目标的发电技术组合中获得最大的社会和环境效益。本研究报告涉及所有发电技术所伴随的外部社会和环境成本-外部性。如本文所述，这些成本是由于对气候、人类健康、农作物、结构和生物多样性等的影响而产生的、未计入电力市场价格的成本。在确定之前，并在可能的情况下以货币形式量化之前，它们仍然是隐藏的，在技术选择中发挥的作用有限。这项研究的主要理由是，澳大利亚政府与工业化国家的其他国家一样，采取了气候变化政策，如碳污染减少计划（CPRS），以限制二氧化碳（CO2）和其他排放。减排目标要求采用新的低排放发电技术组合。学院认为，要实现这些目标，必须把重点放在技术上。其最近的研究报告《能源技术促进气候变化：加速技术反应》探讨了各种技术方案的技术、商业和投资问题。到2050年，将新技术投入生产需要大约2500亿美元。这也将带来巨大的发展成本。虽然未来的发电技术将不可避免地减少与二氧化碳排放有关的外部影响，但还会有其他外部因素。在充分了解这些外部因素的情况下，有关发电的政策和投资决定可以考虑到所有社会成本和效益。这就是这种审查的最终目的。相关标识符：ISBN 978-1-921388-05-7
The key finding of this review is that a greater focus on externalities, preferably quantified in monetary terms, will help Australia to gain maximum social and environmental benefit from the portfolio of electricity generating technologies it will use for meeting emission reduction targets. This Academy study addresses the external social and environmental costs – the externalities – that accompany all electricity generating technologies. As reviewed here, these are costs not accounted for in the market price of electricity arising from impacts on, for example, climate, human health, crops, structures and biodiversity. Until identified, and then if possible quantified in monetary terms, they remain hidden, playing a limited role in technology selection. The main rationale for this study is that the Australian Government, like others in the industrialised world, has adopted climate change policies such as the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) for constraining carbon dioxide (CO2) and other emissions. Reduction targets call for a new portfolio of low-emission electricity generating technologies. The Academy believes that to meet these targets the focus must be on technology. Its recent study Energy Technology for Climate Change: Accelerating the Technology Response looked at technical, commercial and investment issues for various technology scenarios. Around $250 billion will be needed to bring the new technologies into production by 2050. There will also be heavy development costs. While the power generation technologies of the future will inevitably have lower external impacts relating to CO2 emissions, there will be other externalities. With adequate understanding of those externalities, policy and investment decisions relating to electricity generation can take into account all social costs and benefits. That is the ultimate purpose of this kind of review. Related identifier: ISBN 978-1-921388-05-7