The seed transcriptome of Rafflesia reveals horizontal gene transfer and convergent evolution: Implications for conserving the world's largest flower-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1002/ppp3.10370

发表时间：

2023-04

期刊：

PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

Jeanmaire Molina;Adhityo Wicaksono;T. Michael;S. Kwak;Ronniel D Pedales;Zoé Joly-Lopez;Semar Petrus;Allen Mamerto;Brian Tomek;Sumaya M. Ahmed;Venkatasivasankar Maddu;Kristina Yakubova;D. Tandang;J. Morin;So-Yon Park;Hyun‐Oh Lee;W. McLaughlin;Kyle Wallick;James Adams;A. Novy;S. Pell;M. Purugganan

Rafflesia是一种寄生植物属，具有世界上最大的花朵，独特于热带亚洲受威胁的森林栖息地。在这里，我们报告了在Rafflesia种子中活跃的基因（转录组），作为更大努力的一部分来了解Rafflesia。因此，种子银行是不可能的，排除了一个关键的管理战略保护。对莱佛士生物学的研究是提高其栽培技术的关键一步，这将教育公众了解独特的物种和保护其栖息地的重要性。概述莱佛士作为已知的仅有的两种完全失去叶绿体基因组的植物之一，引起了人们极大的兴趣。莱佛士是一种生活在其宿主--热带葡萄藤组织内的全寄生物和内生菌（崖爬藤属），只在开花时才出现--花是所有植物中最大的。在这里，我们报告了第一个Rafflesiaseed转录组，并将其与其他植物的转录组进行比较，以加深我们对其非凡生活史的理解。我们从菲律宾特有植物Rafflesia speciosa的种子中提取RNA组装了一个转录组，并将其与其他植物的转录组进行了比较，包括拟南芥，寄生植物Striga和Cuscuta，和真菌异养的金线莲属植物。在Rafflesia的遗传和代谢种子途径一般类似于其他植物物种。然而，也有一些值得注意的例外。我们发现了一种基因水平转移的证据，这种基因可能参与了规避宿主防御的过程。此外，我们确定了寄生植物之间可能的趋同，因为Rafflesia，Striga和Cuscutas具有重要的相似性。我们无法找到证据的基因参与菌根共生，这表明，真菌异养是不可能发挥作用，在Rafflesiaparasitism。迄今为止，异地繁殖的Rafflesiaby种子已大多不成功。我们的研究是在理解Rafflesiaseed生物学的基础上迈出的大胆一步，这将为有关这种柑橘属植物的持续繁殖和种子库工作提供信息。我们讨论我们的研究结果在更广泛的范围内的保护属的危险。

Societal Impact StatementRafflesiais a genus of parasitic plants with the largest flowers in the world, unique to the threatened forest habitats of tropical Asia. Here, we report on genes that are active (the transcriptome) inRafflesiaseeds as part of a larger effort to understandRafflesia.Rafflesiahas never been grown successfully outside of its native range. Consequently, seed banking is not yet possible, precluding a critical management strategy for conservation. The study ofRafflesiaseed biology is a critical step to improve its cultivation, which will educate the public about unique species and the importance of conserving their habitats.SummaryRafflesiais of great interest as one of the only two plants known to have completely lost its chloroplast genome.Rafflesiais a holoparasite and an endophyte that lives inside the tissues of its host, a tropical grape vine (Tetrastigma), emerging only to bloom—with the largest flower of any plant. Here, we report the firstRafflesiaseed transcriptome and compare it with those of other plants to deepen our understanding of its extraordinary life history.We assembled a transcriptome from RNA extracted from seeds of the Philippine endemicRafflesia speciosaand compared this with those of other plants, includingArabidopsis, parasitic plantsStrigaandCuscuta, and the mycoheterotrophic orchidAnoectochilus.Genetic and metabolic seed pathways inRafflesiawere generally similar to the other plant species. However, there were some notable exceptions. We found evidence of horizontal transfer of a gene potentially involved in circumventing host defenses. Moreover, we identified a possible convergence among parasitic plants becauseRafflesia,Striga, andCuscutashared important similarities. We were unable to find evidence of genes involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis, suggesting that mycoheterotrophy is unlikely to play a role inRafflesiaparasitism.To date, ex situ propagation ofRafflesiaby seed has been mostly unsuccessful. Our research is a bold step forward in understanding the fundamentals ofRafflesiaseed biology that will inform the continued propagation and seed‐banking efforts concerning this recalcitrant plant. We discuss our findings in the broader context of the conservation of a genus in peril.

The seed transcriptome of Rafflesia reveals horizontal gene transfer and convergent evolution: Implications for conserving the world's largest flower

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