Polybromobenzene pollutants in the atmosphere of North China: levels, distribution, and sources.
Polybromobenzene pollutants in the atmosphere of North China: levels, distribution, and sources.
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DOI：
10.1021/es403854d
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Yan Lin;Xinghua Qiu;Yifan Zhao;Jin Ma;Qiaoyun Yang;T. Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yan Lin;Xinghua Qiu;Yifan Zhao;Jin Ma;Qiaoyun Yang;T. Zhu
溴系阻燃剂是重要的持久性有机污染物。在先前的一项研究中，对大气样本中的溴化阻燃剂进行了分析，这使我们怀疑大气中存在除多溴联苯醚以外的不明有机溴化物。在这项研究中，我们确定和量化的多溴苯，一组有机溴化物，在中国北方通过被动采样收集的空气样品中的网格观测。我们调查了它们的浓度和空间分布，并估计了不同来源所占的比例。我们检测到七种多溴苯，包括六溴苯（HBB），五溴甲苯（PBT），五溴苯（PBEB），五溴苯（PeBB），四溴苯（TeBBs），和三溴甲苯（TrBT），在所有或大部分的现场样品，这类污染物的广泛存在。每种污染物的浓度中值范围为20.0至144皮克/样本（或0.07至1.16皮克/立方米），在电子废物回收场、溴化阻燃剂生产场和人口密度高的地区附近发现了相对较高的浓度。正矩阵分解（PMF）分析显示，约70%的HBB、PBT、PBEB和PeBB来自商业产品，而约80%的1，2，3，5-TeBB、1，2，4，5-TeBB和2，4，5-TrBT与BFR制造有关。这项研究提供了关于大气中广泛存在的多溴苯污染物，特别是TeBBs和TrBT的基本信息，这是关于其作为大气污染物存在的第一份报告。
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are important persistent organic pollutants. Analysis of BFRs in atmospheric samples in a previous study led us to suspect the presence of unidentified organic bromides, other than polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in the atmosphere. In this study, we identified and quantified polybromobenzenes, a group of organic bromides, in air samples collected through passive sampling in gridded observations in North China. We investigated their concentrations and spatial distribution, and estimated the proportion due to different sources. We detected seven species of polybromobenzenes, including hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromobenzene (PeBB), tetrabromobenzenes (TeBBs), and tribromotoluene (TrBT), in all or most of the field samples, indicating widespread occurrence of this class of pollutants. The median concentrations of each pollutant ranged from 20.0 to 144 pg/sample (or from 0.07 to 1.16 pg/m(3)), with relatively high concentrations found near e-waste recycling sites, BFR manufacturing sites, and areas of high population density. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis revealed that ∼70% of HBB, PBT, PBEB, and PeBB was from commercial products, while ∼80% of 1,2,3,5-TeBB, 1,2,4,5-TeBB, and 2,4,5-TrBT was linked with BFR manufacturing. This study provides essential information on widespread polybromobenzene pollutants in the atmosphere, particularly TeBBs and TrBT, for which this is the first report of their presence as atmospheric pollutants.