Phytocalpain controls the proliferation and differentiation fates of cells in plant organ development
Phytocalpain controls the proliferation and differentiation fates of cells in plant organ development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02102.x
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Pai, HS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahn, JW;Kim, M;Pai, HS
钙蛋白酶是一种钙依赖性的半胱氨酸蛋白酶，在动物细胞的基本细胞过程中起重要作用，包括细胞增殖、凋亡和分化。NbDEK编码N.本萨米亚纳在这项研究中，NbDEK的病毒诱导的基因沉默（VIGS）导致在所有主要植物器官检查的器官发育和增生。叶和茎的表皮层被过度增殖的细胞团所覆盖，气孔和毛状体的发育受到严重抑制。在花的发育过程中，一个单一的圆顶状结构从花的分生组织中生长出来，产生一个大的圆柱形的花，没有任何花器官。在细胞水平上，细胞分裂在原本已经分化的组织中得以维持，细胞分化受到严重阻碍。NbDEK在所检测的所有植物组织中普遍表达。在NbDEK VIGS系的异常器官中，D型细胞周期蛋白（CycD）2、CycD 3和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的蛋白水平显著升高，E2 F（E2启动子结合因子）、E2 F调节基因、视网膜母细胞瘤（Rb）和KNOTTED 1（KN 1）型同源异型盒基因的转录也受到刺激。这些结果表明，植物钙蛋白酶是植物器官发生过程中细胞增殖和分化的关键调节因子，它的作用部分是通过控制CycD/Rb途径。
Calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, plays an essential role in basic cellular processes in animal cells, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. NbDEK encodes the calpain homolog of N. benthamiana. In this study, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of NbDEK resulted in arrested organ development and hyperplasia in all the major plant organs examined. The epidermal layers of the leaves and stems were covered with hyperproliferating cell masses, and stomata and trichome development was severely inhibited. During flower development, a single dome-like structure was grown from the flower meristem to generate a large cylinder-shaped flower lacking any floral organs. At the cellular level, cell division was sustained in tissues that were otherwise already differentiated, and cell differentiation was severely hampered. NbDEK is ubiquitously expressed in all the plant tissues examined. In the abnormal organs of the NbDEK VIGS lines, protein levels of D-type cyclins (CycD)2, CycD3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were greatly elevated, and transcription of E2F (E2 promoter binding factor), E2F-regulated genes, retinoblastoma (Rb), and KNOTTED1 (KN1)-type homeobox genes was also stimulated. These results suggest that phytocalpain is a key regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation during plant organogenesis, and that it acts partly by controlling the CycD/Rb pathway.