Genes, dopamine pathways, and sociality in primates.
Genes, dopamine pathways, and sociality in primates.
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灵长类动物的基因、多巴胺通路和社交性。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1605972113
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
French,JeffreyA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
French,JeffreyA
解开基因作用和行为表型之间发生的分子、生化和神经元级联反应的复杂序列一直是一个非常棘手的科学难题。连接基因和行为之间的联系的困难在社会表型中尤其成问题，包括物种典型的社会结构，在这种社会结构中，多个个体参与互动，因此适当的行为反应取决于伴侣的行动。四十年前，罗伯特·欣德（Robert Hinde）对社会行为的解剖和分析提出了批判性的见解，他认为，一个特定物种的社会结构是社会关系的性质、质量和模式随时间推移而产生的一种新结果。反过来，这些关系是由伙伴之间的社会互动的质量和内容决定的，这些互动源于互动参与者的社会倾向。尽管当时对社会行为的神经生物学基础所知甚少，但Hinde有足够的先见之明，他意识到参与社会行为倾向的个体差异一定与重要而普遍的潜在神经生物学基础的变化有关。此外，Hinde认识到，其中一些变异最终可以追溯到遗传起源。自1976年以来，关于基因塑造神经递质系统的方式已经有了很多了解，这项工作强调了遗传变异在多基因的调控和编码区域中产生社会行为中的个体差异（2-4）和物种多样性（5-9）的作用。在PNAS上，Bergey等人（10）为Hinde的命题提供了支持，通过证据表明，尽管物种之间最近出现了进化分裂，但与多巴胺（DA）信号相关的基因组区域在两种社会系统明显不同的密切相关的狒狒物种中存在显著差异。
Unraveling the complex sequence of molecular, biochemical, and neuronal cascades that transpire between gene action and behavioral phenotypes has been an exceptionally tough scientific nut to crack. The difficulties in connecting the links between genes and behavior have been especially problematic for social phenotypes, including species-typical social structure, in which multiple individuals are involved in interactions, and hence the appropriate behavioral responses are conditional on actions of a partner. Forty years ago, Robert Hinde (1) provided a critical insight into the dissection and analysis of social behavior, in which he argued that the social structure of a particular species is an emergent consequence of the nature, quality, and patterning of social relationships across time. These relationships, in turn, are dictated by the quality and content of social interactions among partners that derive from the social dispositions of the participants in the interaction. Although little was known about the neurobiological substrates of social behavior at the time, Hinde was sufficiently prescient to appreciate that individual differences in the propensity to engage in social behavior must be linked to variation in important and pervasive underlying neurobiological substrates. Furthermore, Hinde recognized that some of this variation would ultimately be tracked to genetic origins. Since 1976, much has been learned about the ways in which genes shape neurotransmitter systems, and this work has highlighted the role of genetic variability in both regulatory and coding regions of multiple genes in producing both individual differences (2–4) and species diversity (5–9) in social behavior. In PNAS, Bergey et al.(10) provide support for Hinde’s proposition, through evidence that genomic regions associated with dopamine (DA) signaling have diverged dramatically in two closely related species of baboons with markedly different social systems, despite a recent evolutionary split between the species.