Extracellular Vesicles and Their Roles in Cancer Progression.
Extracellular Vesicles and Their Roles in Cancer Progression.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_10
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Antonyak MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chang WH;Cerione RA;Antonyak MA
癌细胞产生的胞外小泡是一种独特的细胞间通讯方式，可以促进细胞生长和存活，帮助塑造肿瘤微环境，增加侵袭和转移活性。EV有两大类，即微囊泡(MVS)和外体，它们的形成方式不同。MVS是由质膜向外萌发和分裂产生的。另一方面，外体是由多囊泡体(MVB)与质膜融合并释放其内容物而产生的。电动汽车之所以特别有趣，是因为它们如何调节自己的影响。MVS和Exosome都被证明含有各种各样的生物活性物质，包括细胞表面、胞浆和核蛋白，以及RNA转录本、microRNAs(MiRNAs)，甚至DNA片段。EVS及其相关的货物可以转移到其他癌细胞以及正常细胞类型，导致受体细胞经历表型变化，促进癌症进展的不同方面。这些发现，再加上那些表明癌细胞产生的EVS的数量和含量可以根据其来源细胞、发育阶段或对治疗的反应而变化的证据，提出了EVS可用于诊断目的的令人兴奋的可能性。此外，制药界正在积极寻求使用电动汽车作为潜在的药物输送平台。在这里，在本章中，我们将重点介绍目前已知的电动汽车是如何产生的，它们是如何影响癌症进展的，以及它们被用于临床应用的不同方式。
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by cancer cells function as a unique form of intercellular communication that can promote cell growth and survival, help shape the tumor microenvironment, and increase invasive and metastatic activity. There are two major classes of EVs, microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, and they differ in how they are formed. MVs are generated by the outward budding and fission of the plasma membrane. On the other hand, exosomes are derived as multivesicular bodies (MVBs) fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents. What makes EVs especially interesting is how they mediate their effects. Both MVs and exosomes have been shown to contain a wide-variety of bioactive cargo, including cell surface, cytosolic, and nuclear proteins, as well as RNA transcripts, micro-RNAs (miRNAs), and even fragments of DNA. EVs, and their associated cargo, can be transferred to other cancer cells, as well as to normal cell types, causing the recipient cells to undergo phenotypic changes that promote different aspects of cancer progression. These findings, combined with those demonstrating that the amounts and contents of EVs produced by cancer cells can vary depending on their cell of origin, stage of development, or response to therapies, have raised the exciting possibility that EVs can be used for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, the pharmaceutical community is aggressively pursuing the use of EVs as a potential drug delivery platform. Here, in this chapter, we will highlight what is currently known about how EVs are generated, how they impact cancer progression, and the different ways they are being exploited for clinical applications.