Common values for the development round
Common values for the development round
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开发轮的共同价值观
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Andrew H. Charlton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Stiglitz;Andrew H. Charlton
在传统的国际贸易理论中，多边贸易协定应该很容易达成，因为自利的政府单方面承诺减少本国的贸易保护，作为奖励，它们从其他国家的自由化中获得了积极的外部性。在实践中，国家政府的行为并不像是在最大限度地提高代议制公民的福利，而是在应对来自不同选民和竞争特殊利益集团的压力。各国政府试图在国际谈判中管理国内权衡，因此进展缓慢，保护持续存在。以臭名昭著的“绿色房间”为标志的贸易谈判的实际运作以派系斗争、讨价还价和边缘政策为特征。
In the traditional theory of international trade, multilateral trade agreements should be easy because self-interested governments unilaterally commit to reduce their own protection and, as a bonus, they reap positive externalities from liberalization by other nations. In practice national governments do not behave as though they are maximizing the welfare of a representative citizen, but instead they respond to pressure from a diverse mix of constituencies and competing special interests. Governments attempt to manage domestic trade-offs within international negotiations, so progress is slow and protection persists. The practical operation of trade negotiations, emblemized by the infamous ‘green rooms’, is characterized by factionalism, horse-trading, and brinkmanship.