tRNA Function and Dysregulation in Cancer.
tRNA Function and Dysregulation in Cancer.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2022.886642
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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转运RNA（transfer RNA，tRNA）是蛋白质合成的重要组成部分，在肿瘤基因表达的表观遗传调控中起重要作用。tRNA还参与许多细胞过程，包括细胞增殖、细胞信号传导途径和应激反应，暗示在肿瘤发生和癌症进展中的作用。tRNA在细胞调节中的复杂作用意味着对tRNA功能和失调的理解可用于开发许多癌症的治疗方法，包括乳腺癌，结肠癌和胶质母细胞瘤。此外，包括甲基化在内的tRNA修饰对于tRNA折叠、稳定性和功能是必需的。在某些应激条件下，tRNA可以被切割成两半，形成tiRNA，甚至更短的tRNA片段（tRF）。tRNA的结构和修饰、tiRNA诱导应激颗粒的形成以及tRF通过抑制翻译来调节基因表达都可以影响细胞的命运。本文综述了tRNA、tiRNA和tRFs的这些功能如何导致肿瘤的发生和进展。进一步研究tRNA调控的特定途径可以帮助确定tRNA生物标志物和治疗靶点，这可能会预防和治疗癌症。
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a central component of protein synthesis and plays important roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression in tumors. tRNAs are also involved in many cell processes including cell proliferation, cell signaling pathways and stress response, implicating a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The complex role of tRNA in cell regulation implies that an understanding of tRNA function and dysregulation can be used to develop treatments for many cancers including breast cancer, colon cancer, and glioblastoma. Moreover, tRNA modifications including methylation are necessary for tRNA folding, stability, and function. In response to certain stress conditions, tRNAs can be cleaved in half to form tiRNAs, or even shorter tRNA fragments (tRF). tRNA structure and modifications, tiRNA induction of stress granule formation, and tRF regulation of gene expression through the repression of translation can all impact a cell’s fate. This review focuses on how these functions of tRNAs, tiRNA, and tRFs can lead to tumor development and progression. Further studies focusing on the specific pathways of tRNA regulation could help identify tRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which might prevent and treat cancers.