Chitinases: Biomarkers for Human Diseases
Chitinases: Biomarkers for Human Diseases
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DOI：
10.2174/092986609788167842
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Wong, W. S. Fred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guan, Shou-Ping;Mok, Yu-Keung;Wong, W. S. Fred
人几丁质酶。3.2.1.14)根据氨基酸序列相似性将其归为糖基水解酶（GH18）超家族第18家族。活性几丁质酶水解几丁质，α -1,4-连接n -乙酰- d -氨基葡萄糖寡糖。几丁质是昆虫外骨骼和真菌细胞壁的主要结构成分，但在脊椎动物中没有发现。在人类中，已鉴定出8种GH18几丁质酶，包括活性几丁质苷酶和酸性哺乳动物几丁质酶。大多数人的几丁质酶缺乏几丁质水解活性是由于在催化区域的必需谷氨酸残基的突变，它们被称为几丁质酶。本文综述了人类几丁质酶的一些特征，比较了一些人类GH18成员的结构差异，并讨论了它们的细胞调控和功能。最后，我们总结了几丁质酶在多种人类疾病中的作用。
Human chitinases (EC. 3.2.1.14) are classified into family 18 of glycosyl hydrolase (GH18) superfamily based on their amino acid sequence similarities. Active chitinase hydrolyzes chitin, alpha beta-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligosaccharide. Chitin is a major structural component of the insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls, but is not found in vertebrates. In human, eight GH18 chitinases have been identified including active chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase. Most of the human chitinases lack chitinolytic activity due to mutation of an essential glutamic acid residue at the catalytic domain, and they are termed chitolectin. This review highlights some characteristics of human chitinases, compares structural differences among some human GH18 members, and discusses their cellular regulation and function. Finally, we summarize current views on the role of human chitinases in a variety of human diseases.