Influence of resuspension on the fate of fecal indicator bacteria in large-scale flumes mimicking an oligotrophic river.
Influence of resuspension on the fate of fecal indicator bacteria in large-scale flumes mimicking an oligotrophic river.
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重悬浮对模拟寡营养河流的大型水槽中粪便指示菌命运的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2013.10.002
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Horn H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walters E;Müller E;Schwarzwälder K;Kätzl K;Rutschmann P;Horn H.
在这项研究中，使用大型水槽系统模拟贫营养化河流，以探讨粪便指示菌(FIB)、大肠埃希氏菌和肠球菌在复合下水道溢流(CSO)后的去向和迁移。具体地说，考察了FIB从水柱中的去除模式以及沉积到水槽床上的情况。最后，研究了床面剪切力的突然增大对水柱内流动界面的影响。这项研究中使用的大型水槽对我们的调查非常有用，因为它们非常接近伊萨尔河(德国慕尼黑)内的条件。通过使用天然底质和淡水，以及S−1在大约0.5米水深时近1米的流速，获得了典型的伊萨尔河(9 N/m−2)的剪切力。结果，结垢效应明显减弱。在我们的水槽系统中，紫外线灭活在总的FIB去除中只起到很小的作用。因此，我们能够更准确地研究导致FIB从水柱中去除的其他机制。从CSO后的两个标准的FIB去除实验中，确定了水柱中的大肠埃希菌和肠球菌的去除系数(K)为0.2h−1。床面剪应力的增加导致水柱中总悬浮固体(TSS)水平增加了150%以上。这些升高的悬浮物水平(≈50 mg和L−1)使悬浮纤维蛋白在水柱中的持久性增加了20h(k=20.05h−1)。这表明，由再悬浮床沉积物引起的较高的TSS负荷可以显著扩大受CSO事件影响的区域。在较低的悬浮固体负荷(<；20 mg，L−1)下，沉积到水槽床上的沉淀物对从水柱中去除浮游生物没有显著的贡献。任何确实发生的沉积都没有导致可培养的FIB在底栖生物膜中的净积累。
In this study, large-scale flume systems simulating an oligotrophic river were used to explore the fate and transport of the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB)Escherichia coliand enterococci following a combined sewer overflow (CSO). Specifically, the removal pattern of FIB from the water column was examined as well as deposition onto the flume bed. Finally, the impact that a sudden increase in bed shear stress has on FIB in the water column was investigated. The large-scale flumes utilized in this study proved extremely useful for our investigations as they very closely approximated conditions within the Isar River (Munich, Germany). By using both natural substratum and fresh river water, as well as a flow velocity of nearly 1 m s−1at a water depth of roughly 0.5 m, shear stresses typical of the Isar River (9 N m−2) were achieved. As a result, scaling effects were appreciably reduced. In our flume system, UV inactivation played only a minimal role in overall FIB removal. Therefore, we were able to more precisely investigate other mechanisms which result in FIB removal from the water column. From the two standard FIB removal experiments following a CSO, the removal rate coefficient (k) of 0.2 h−1was identified for bothE. coliand enterococci in the water column. An increase in the bed shear stress led to more than a 150% rise in total suspended solid (TSS) levels in the water column. These elevated TSS levels (≈50 mg l−1) increased the persistence of suspended FIB in the water column by 20 h (k= 0.05 h−1). This indicates that higher TSS loads resulting from resuspended bed sediments can significantly expand the area that is impacted by a CSO event. At lower TSS loads (<20 mg l−1) deposition onto the flume bed did not contribute significantly to FIB removal from the water column. Any deposition which did occur did not result in a net accumulation of culturable FIB in the benthic biofilm.
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