Near-infrared (NIR) up-conversion optogenetics.
Near-infrared (NIR) up-conversion optogenetics.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep16533
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发表时间：
2015-11-10
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Yawo H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hososhima S;Yuasa H;Ishizuka T;Hoque MR;Yamashita T;Yamanaka A;Sugano E;Tomita H;Yawo H
为了全面、定量地了解大脑中的神经网络以及治疗神经系统疾病，人们一直期待着用于操纵神经功能的非侵入性远程控制技术。最近，利用生物光反应分子如通道视紫红质(ChR)-2来光学操纵神经元活动已经成为可能。然而，ChR2及其近亲大多对可见光有反应，不能有效穿透生物组织。相比之下，近红外（NIR）光（650-1450纳米）能穿透组织深处，因为在这个所谓的“成像窗口”内，生物系统对光线几乎是透明的。本文采用稀土元素组成的镧系纳米粒子（LNPs）作为发光体，激活低能量的近红外光，使其发射高能可见光（上转换）。在此，我们创建了一种由供体LNPs和受体ChRs组成的新型光遗传系统。近红外激光照射LNPs发出可见光，诱导附近表达ChRs的细胞产生光反应。然而，LNP-ChR系统的能源效率仍有很大的改进空间。
Non-invasive remote control technologies designed to manipulate neural functions have been long-awaited for the comprehensive and quantitative understanding of neuronal network in the brain as well as for the therapy of neurological disorders. Recently, it has become possible for the neuronal activity to be optically manipulated using biological photo-reactive molecules such as channelrhodopsin (ChR)-2. However, ChR2 and its relatives are mostly reactive to visible light, which does not effectively penetrate through biological tissues. In contrast, near-infrared (NIR) light (650–1450 nm) penetrates deep into the tissues because biological systems are almost transparent to light within this so-called ‘imaging window’. Here we used lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs), composed of rare-earth elements, as luminous bodies to activate ChRs since they absorb low-energy NIR light to emit high-energy visible light (up-conversion). Here, we created a new type of optogenetic system which consists of the donor LNPs and the acceptor ChRs. The NIR laser irradiation emitted visible light from LNPs, then induced the photo-reactive responses in the near-by cells that expressed ChRs. However, there remains room for large improvements in the energy efficiency of the LNP-ChR system.