The importance of PEOPLE who use drugs within drug policy reform debates: Findings from the UK Drug Policy Voices online survey.

The importance of PEOPLE who use drugs within drug policy reform debates: Findings from the UK Drug Policy Voices online survey.
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毒品政策改革辩论中吸毒者的重要性:英国毒品政策之声在线调查的结果。

DOI:
10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103711
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The International journal on drug policy
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Askew R
Askew R
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Askew R

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毒品政策之声是一个以英国为基地的项目,旨在将吸毒者的声音和经验纳入有关毒品政策改革的辩论中。2020年进行了一项在线调查,以了解与吸毒和毒品政策有关的意见。我们使用了一种混合价值观的方法,将道德基础理论(Haidt and Joseph, 2004; Haidt and Graham, 2007)和MacCoun and Reuter(2001)的四种支撑毒品政策的哲学立场结合起来。本文的问题是,吸毒者对吸毒和毒品政策持有什么样的价值观,哪些因素预测了这些价值观?方法采用在线目的抽样,获得1217份调查回复,其中包括社会人口学特征、药物使用模式、过去12个月内使用药物的来源和供应、与药物有关的刑事司法制裁经历,以及酒精或其他药物治疗经历。此外,我们设计了37个关于药物使用和药物政策的态度问题,其中包括进步主义和禁止主义的价值立场。结果探索性因子分析揭示了一个六因素解决方案,确定了该被调查者群体的重要价值立场,即个人自主性,家长制1;家长作风2;法律的不公正;法律的不公正;以及新自由主义治理。年龄、性别、宗教信仰、政治观点、是否吸食消遣性毒品、最近是否使用毒品、是否有在药物使用/毒品政策领域工作或学习的经历都是这些价值立场的预测因素。毒品政策之声调查发现了与生活经验相关的集体价值观和意识形态,这些价值观和意识形态表明了与禁酒主义意识形态的明确目标冲突。PWUD可以对政策改革辩论作出宝贵的贡献,但我们必须承认,意见不是仅仅通过与毒品有关的经验形成的。这项研究的结果强调了在参与式方法中强调吸毒者的重要性。
BackgroundDrug Policy Voices is a UK-based project designed to integrate the voices and experiences of people who use drugs (PWUD) into debates about drug policy reform. An online survey was conducted in 2020 to understand opinions connected to drug use and drug policy. We used a blended values approach combining Moral Foundations Theory (Haidt and Joseph, 2004; Haidt and Graham, 2007) and MacCoun and Reuter's (2001) four philosophical positions that underpin the drug policy. This paper asks, what values do people who use drugs hold surrounding drug use and drug policy, and what factors predict these values?MethodsWe used online-purposive sampling and achieved 1217 survey responses, which captured sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of drug use, sourcing and supply of drugs used within the last 12 months, experiences of criminal justice sanctions in connection to drugs, and experiences of alcohol or other drug treatment. In addition, we devised 37 attitudinal questions about drug use and drug policy, which included both progressive and prohibitionist value positions.ResultsThe exploratory factor analysis revealed a six-factor solution that identified important value positions for this respondent group, which arepersonal autonomy, paternalism 1; paternalism 2; legal injustice 1; legal injustice 2; and neoliberal governance. Age, gender, religious beliefs, political views, identifying as a recreational drug taker, using drugs recently, and having experience of working or studying in the substance use/drug policy field are predictors of these value positions.ConclusionThe Drug Policy Voices survey has identified collective values and ideology connected to lived experience that illustrate a clear goal conflict with prohibitionist ideology. PWUD have valuable contributions to make to the policy reform debate, but we must acknowledge that opinions are not formed through drug-related experiences alone. The findings of this research highlight the importance of emphasisingthe personwho uses drugs within participatory approaches.
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