Directing fluorescence with plasmonic and photonic structures.
Directing fluorescence with plasmonic and photonic structures.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00100
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发表时间：
2015-08-18
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Lakowicz JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dutta Choudhury S;Badugu R;Lakowicz JR
荧光技术渗透到化学和生物科学的所有领域。近年来，人们意识到，传统的荧光可以通过利用等离子体或光子结构的力量以许多方式丰富，这些结构具有塑造光能流动的显着能力。传统的荧光本质上是全向的，这使得难以捕获整个发射。适当设计的发射方向性可以提高收集效率，并且对于许多基于荧光的应用（如传感、成像、单分子光谱学和光学通信）是期望的。通过将荧光团并入等离子体或光子衬底中，可以定制荧光团周围的光学环境并修改发射的空间分布。这种有前途的方法的工作原理的近场相互作用的荧光光谱重叠的光学模式存在于substrates.In本帐户，我们提出了我们的研究与不同种类的平面金属，电介质和混合结构的定向发射。在金属-电介质衬底中，荧光与表面等离子体激元的耦合导致具有特征色散和偏振性质的定向表面等离子体激元耦合发射。在一维光子晶体中，荧光团可以与布洛赫表面波相互作用，产生方向性很强的布洛赫表面波耦合辐射。荧光与金属-电介质-金属衬底中的Fabry-Pe 'rot类模式以及与等离子体-光子混合衬底中的Tamm状态的相互作用提供了垂直于衬底表面的光束发射。这些有趣的功能解释的反射率色散图，它提供了一个完整的图片的模式配置文件和相应的耦合发射模式的上下文中。除了平面基底，特别制造的等离子体纳米天线在控制和操纵荧光光束方面也具有巨大的潜力。介绍了其他研究小组对各种纳米天线结构的一些代表性研究。虽然荧光与等离子体和光子结构的近场相互作用很复杂，但也有许多令人兴奋的可能性。每个发射波长沿着特定方向以给定的角宽度和偏振的路由将允许空间和光谱复用。接近表面法线的定向发射对于显微镜和基于阵列的研究特别有用。可以通过以灵活的方式改变等离子体/光子衬底的设计参数来获得应用特定的角发射图案。我们预计，在纳米尺度上控制发射光的流动的能力将导致新一代基于荧光的测定、仪器、便携式诊断和发射设备的发展。
ConspectusFluorescence technology pervades all areas of chemical and biological sciences. In recent years, it is being realized that traditional fluorescence can be enriched in many ways by harnessing the power of plasmonic or photonic structures that have remarkable abilities to mold the flow of optical energy. Conventional fluorescence is omnidirectional in nature, which makes it difficult to capture the entire emission. Suitably designed emission directivity can improve collection efficiency and is desirable for many fluorescence-based applications like sensing, imaging, single molecule spectroscopy, and optical communication.By incorporating fluorophores in plasmonic or photonic substrates, it is possible to tailor the optical environment surrounding the fluorophores and to modify the spatial distribution of emission. This promising approach works on the principle of near-field interaction of fluorescence with spectrally overlapping optical modes present in the substrates.In this Account, we present our studies on directional emission with different kinds of planar metallic, dielectric, and hybrid structures. In metal–dielectric substrates, the coupling of fluorescence with surface plasmons leads to directional surface-plasmon-coupled emission with characteristic dispersion and polarization properties. In one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPC), fluorophores can interact with Bloch surface waves, giving rise to sharply directional Bloch surface wave-coupled emission. The interaction of fluorescence with Fabry–Pérot-like modes in metal–dielectric–metal substrates and with Tamm states in plasmonic–photonic hybrid substrates provides beaming emission normal to the substrate surface. These interesting features are explained in the context of reflectivity dispersion diagrams, which provide a complete picture of the mode profiles and the corresponding coupled emission patterns. Other than planar substrates, specially fabricated plasmonic nanoantennas also have tremendous potential in controlling and steering fluorescence beams. Some representative studies by other research groups with various nanoantenna structures are described.While there are complexities to near-field interactions of fluorescence with plasmonic and photonic structures, there are also many exciting possibilities. The routing of each emission wavelength along a specific direction with a given angular width and polarization will allow spatial and spectral multiplexing. Directional emission close to surface normal will be particularly useful for microscopy and array-based studies. Application-specific angular emission patterns can be obtained by varying the design parameters of the plasmonic/photonic substrates in a flexible manner. We anticipate that the ability to control the flow of emitted light in the nanoscale will lead to the development of a new generation of fluorescence-based assays, instrumentation, portable diagnostics, and emissive devices.