Atmospheric fossil fuel CO2 traced by (CO2)-C-14 and air quality index pollutant observations in Beijing and Xiamen, China
Atmospheric fossil fuel CO2 traced by (CO2)-C-14 and air quality index pollutant observations in Beijing and Xiamen, China
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中国北京和厦门的大气化石燃料CO2 14CO2 和空气质量指数污染物观测
DOI：
10.1007/s11356-018-1616-z
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Fu Yunchong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niu Zhenchuan;Zhou Weijian;Feng Xue;Feng Tian;Wu Shugang;Cheng Peng;Lu Xuefeng;Du Hua;Xiong Xiaohu;Fu Yunchong
放射性碳（14 C）是可用于量化来自化石燃料的大气CO2（CO 2ff）的最准确的示踪剂，但测量成本高且耗时。在这里，我们使用常见的每小时空气质量指数（AQI）污染物（AQI，PM2.5，PM10和CO）间接追踪中国北京和厦门城市站点某些日子的CO 2ff日变化，基于2014年半月样本的AQI污染物和14 C（）追踪的CO 2ff之间的线性关系。我们验证了这些间接追踪的CO 2ff（CO 2ff-in）浓度与同时观测的每日14 CO2浓度的对比。每隔半个月采样的空气质量指数中的每一种污染物与空气质量指数中的每一种污染物之间都存在显著（p< 0.05）的强相关性.各空气质量指数污染物追踪的CO2排放日变化趋势基本一致，北京采样点一致性较高，厦门采样点一致性较差。AQI污染物示踪剂显示高归一化均方根（NRMS）误差的夏季昼夜样本由于低浓度。去除这些夏季样本后，AQI污染物示踪剂的NRMS误差在31.6%-64.2%之间。CO在这些间接示踪剂中普遍表现出较高的一致性和较低的NRMS误差。在此基础上，以CO浓度为示踪剂，对北京和厦门两个采样点的CO2通量月平均值进行了追踪。北京站点的月CO 2ff平均值呈浅U型变化。这些结果表明，CO可以用来追踪中国城市的CO 2ff浓度超过5 ppm的变化。
Radiocarbon (14C) is the most accurate tracer available for quantifying atmospheric CO2derived from fossil fuel (CO2ff), but it is expensive and time-consuming to measure. Here, we used common hourly Air Quality Index (AQI) pollutants (AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and CO) to indirectly trace diurnal CO2ffvariations during certain days at the urban sites in Beijing and Xiamen, China, based on linear relationships between AQI pollutants and CO2fftraced by14C () for semimonthly samples obtained in 2014. We validated these indirectly traced CO2ff(CO2ff-in) concentrations againstconcentrations traced by simultaneous diurnal14CO2observations. Significant (p< 0.05) strong correlations were observed between each of the separate AQI pollutants andfor the semimonthly samples. Diurnal variations in CO2fftraced by each of the AQI pollutants generally showed similar trends to those of, with high agreement at the sampling site in Beijing and relatively poor agreement at the sampling site in Xiamen. AQI pollutant tracers showed high normalized root-mean-square (NRMS) errors for the summer diurnal samples due to lowconcentrations. After the removal of these summer samples, the NRMS errors for AQI pollutant tracers were in the range of 31.6–64.2%. CO generally showed a high agreement and low NRMS errors among these indirect tracers. Based on these linear relationships, monthly CO2ffaverages at the sampling sites in Beijing and Xiamen were traced using CO concentration as a tracer. The monthly CO2ffaverages at the Beijing site showed a shallow U-type variation. These results indicate that CO can be used to trace CO2ffvariations in Chinese cities with CO2ffconcentrations above 5 ppm.