Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/71.1.179s
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发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Etherton, TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kris-Etherton, PM;Taylor, DS;Etherton, TD
在美国，n-3脂肪酸的摄入量约为1.6 g/d（约占能量的0.7%），其中1.4 g为α-亚麻酸（ALA; 18：3），0.1-0-.2 g为二十碳五烯酸（EPA; 20：5）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA; 22：6）。ALA的主要来源是植物油，主要是大豆油和菜籽油。EPA和DHA的主要来源是鱼和鱼油。摄入数据表明，n-6与n-3脂肪酸的比例约为9.8：1。1985年至1994年的食物消失数据表明，n-6与n-3脂肪酸的比例从12.4：1下降到10.6.1。这反映了消费植物油的情况发生了变化，特别是菜籽油的使用增加了约5.5倍。n-6与n-3脂肪酸的比例仍然远远高于推荐的比例（即2.3：1）。较低的比率增加ALA向EPA和DHA的内源性转化。达到建议的EPA和DHA摄入量0.65 g/d，需要美国鱼类消费量增加约4倍。替代策略，如食物富集和使用生物技术来操纵EPA和DHA以及食品供应中的ALA含量，将在增加美国人口的n-3脂肪酸摄入量方面变得越来越重要。
In the United States, intake of n-3 fatty acids is approximate to 1.6 g/d (approximate to 0.7% of energy), of which 1.4 g is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3) and 0.1-0-.2 g is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6). The primary sources of ALA are vegetable oils, principally soybean and canola. The predominant sources of EPA and DHA are fish and fish oils. Intake data indicate that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is approximate to 9.8:1. Food disappearance data between 1985 and 1994 indicate that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids has decreased from 12.4:1 to 10.6.1. This reflects a change in the profile of vegetable oils consumed and, in particular, an approximate 5.5-fold increase in canola oil use. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is still much higher than that recommended (ie, 2.3:1). Lower ratios increase endogenous conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. Attaining the proposed recommended combined EPA and DHA intake of 0.65 g/d will require an approximately 4-fold increase in fish consumption in the United States. Alternative strategies, such as food enrichment and the use of biotechnology to manipulate the EPA and DHA as well as ALA contents of the food supply, will become increasingly important in increasing n-3 fatty acid intake in the US population.