Individual differences in aging and cognitive control modulate the neural indexes of context updating and maintenance during task switching
Individual differences in aging and cognitive control modulate the neural indexes of context updating and maintenance during task switching
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2009.09.012
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Barcelo, Francisco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adrover-Roig, Daniel;Barcelo, Francisco
本研究旨在探讨年龄和认知控制对行为和电生理指标的局部，重新启动和混合成本的综合影响。两组中年人（49-60岁，N = 40）和老年人（61-80岁，N40）成年人根据他们在执行功能的六个神经心理学测量的复合中的总体z分数被分开。所有的参与者进行了任务提示版本的威斯康星州卡片分类测试（WCST）适用于测量事件相关电位，其中音调提示指示切换或重复的任务规则。一个单一的任务条件相同的感觉和运动反应的需求，以帮助解释的行为和大脑的反应线索和目标事件。工作记忆更新的刺激-反应映射，作为pupelies索引的本地开关成本和线索锁定P3活动（350-460毫秒后线索发作），被保存在老年人和低控制成年人。反过来，低控制力的成年人仅在任务切换条件下表现出更大的重新启动成本和增强的线索锁定P2振幅（190-250毫秒），这表明在存在干扰的情况下准备控制较少。低控制成年人表现出相对较大的混合成本和较小的线索锁定额中央缓慢负波（500-700毫秒），这表明随着时间的推移，一个低效的在线维护的tash-set信息。相比之下，目标锁定的大脑反应大多对年龄相关的影响敏感，老年人表现出两种众所周知的效应：（1）目标P3活动的“前移”（350-460毫秒），以及（2）分别在单一任务和任务切换条件下的额中枢慢负波衰减。年龄和认知控制之间的加性关联发现不同的行为指标的任务转换成本表明，这些因素的差异影响两个连续的信息处理阶段：认知控制的个体差异主要影响的神经指标的准备任务集激活和维护，而年龄相关的影响的神经指标的目标反应选择和任务执行。(C)2009 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.
This study aimed to explore the combined influence of age and cognitive control on the behavioural and electrophysiological indicators of local, restart and mixing costs. Two groups of middle-aged (49-60 y.o., N = 40) and older (61-80 y.o., N 40) adults were split according to their overall z-score in a composite of six neuropsychological measures of executive function. All participants performed a task-cueing version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) adapted for measuring event-related potentials, whereby tonal cues instructed to switch or repeat the task rule. A single-task condition with identical sensory and motor response demands was used to aid interpretation of behavioural and brain responses to cues and target events. Working memory updating of stimulus-response mappings, as putatively indexed by local switch costs and cue-locked P3 activity (350-460 msec post-cue onset), was preserved in both older and low control adults. In turn, low control adults showed larger restart costs and enhanced cue-locked P2 amplitudes (190-250 msec) in the task-switching condition only, suggesting lesser preparatory control in the presence of interference. Low control adults showed comparatively larger mixing costs and smaller cue-locked fronto-central slow negativities (500-700 msec), suggesting an inefficient online maintenance of tash-set information over time. In contrast, target-locked brain responses were mostly sensitive to age-related effects, with older adults showing two well-known effects: (1) an "anterior shift" in target P3 activity (350-460 msec), and (2) an attenuation of fronto-central slow negativities in single-task and task-switching conditions, respectively. The additive association found between age and cognitive control for different behavioural indexes of task-switch costs suggests a differential influence of these factors upon two successive information processing stages: individual differences in cognitive control mainly influenced the neural indexes of preparatory task-set activation and maintenance, whereas age-related effects influenced the neural indexes of target response selection and task execution. (C) 2009 Elsevier Srl. All rights reserved.