Serological survey and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in domestic ducks and geese in Lower Saxony, Germany
Serological survey and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in domestic ducks and geese in Lower Saxony, Germany
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.049
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发表时间：
2011-12-15
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schares, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maksimov, P.;Buschtoens, S.;Schares, G.
为了解德国鸭和鹅弓形虫感染的流行情况，建立了基于亲和纯化弓形虫的酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。弓形虫速殖子表面抗原1（TgSAG 1）检测鸭和鹅血清弓形虫速殖子。gondii特异性抗体。对60只非感染鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）和36只非感染鹅（Anser anser）的186份血清，以及11只鸭（72份）和12只鹅（89份）人工接种T.弓形虫速殖子（静脉注射）或卵囊（口服）和弓形虫阳性。用弓形虫免疫荧光抗体试验（IFAT）筛选TgSAG 1-ELISA的临界值。通过对实验接种的鸭和鹅连续放血获得的血清进行测试，以分析接种后抗TgSAG 1抗体的时间过程，并与IFAT相比评估检测的灵敏度。在鸭中，IFAT滴度和ELISA指数分别在感染速殖子后2周和5周达到峰值。IFAT检测到，与鸭同时接种速殖子的6只鹅中只有3只引起了低水平和非永久性的抗体应答。在TgSAG 1-ELISA中，仅在6只速殖子接种鹅中的4只中观察到ELISA指数略有增加。相比之下，用卵囊接种鸭和鹅导致抗TgSAG 1抗体在1或2周内增加，其在观察期结束时（即接种后11周）仍可检测到。用与哈氏哈氏原虫关系密切的哈氏原虫卵囊接种3只鸭和3只鹅。通过IFAT或TgSAG 1-ELISA测定，弓形虫在鸭和鹅中引起瞬时血清转化。应用新建立的TgSAG 1-ELISA方法，对禽流感监测过程中自然暴露的鸭、鹅血清进行了检测。145/2534（5.7%）的鸭和94/373（25.2%）的鹅具有抗TgSAG 1的抗体。在61只鸭中的20只和13个鹅场中的11个中检测到血清阳性动物;单个农场阳性提交物中的血清阳性率范围为2.2%至78.6%。与动物可以进入谷仓外围栏的农场相比，只在室内饲养鸭或鹅的农场窝藏血清学阳性动物的风险显著降低（比值比0.05，95%置信区间0.01-0.3）。(C)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
To obtain estimates for the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ducks and geese in Germany, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were established based on affinity-purified T. gondii tachyzoite surface antigen 1 (TgSAG1) and used to examine duck and goose sera for T. gondii-specific antibodies. The results of 186 sera from 60 non-infected ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and 101 sera from 36 non-infected geese (Anser anser) as well as 72 sera from 11 ducks and 89 sera from 12 geese inoculated experimentally with T. gondii tachyzoites (intravenously) or oocysts (orally) and positive in a T. gondii immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) were used to select a cut-off value for the TgSAG1-ELISA. Sera obtained by serial bleeding of experimentally inoculated ducks and geese were tested to analyze the time course of anti-TgSAG1 antibodies after inoculation and to assess the sensitivity of the assays in comparison with IFAT. In ducks, IFAT titres and ELISA indices peaked 2 and 5 weeks p.i with tachyzoites, respectively. Only three of six geese inoculated with tachyzoites at the same time as the ducks elicited a low and non-permanent antibody response as detected by the IFAT. In the TgSAG1-ELISA, only a slight increase of the ELISA indices was observed in four of six tachyzoite-inoculated geese. By contrast, inoculation of ducks and geese with oocysts led to an increase in anti-TgSAG1 antibodies within 1 or 2 weeks, which were still detectable at the end of the observation period, i.e. 11 weeks p.i. Inoculation of three ducks and three geese with oocysts of Hammondia hammondi, a protozoon closely related to T. gondii, resulted in a transient seroconversion in ducks and geese as measured by IFAT or TgSAG1-ELISA. Using the newly established TgSAG1-ELISA, sera from naturally exposed ducks and geese sampled in the course of a monitoring program for avian influenza were examined for antibodies to T. gondii; 145/2534(5.7%) of the ducks and 94/373 (25.2%) of the geese had antibodies against TgSAG1. Seropositive animals were detected on 20 of 61 duck and in 11 of 13 goose farms; the seroprevalences within positive submissions of single farms ranged from 2.2% to 78.6%. Farms keeping ducks or geese exclusively indoors had a significantly lower risk (odds ratio 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.3) of harboring serologically positive animals as compared with farms where the animals had access to an enclosure outside the barn. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.