Prescription Opioid Use, Misuse, and Use Disorders in US Adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Prescription Opioid Use, Misuse, and Use Disorders in US Adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
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DOI：
10.7326/m17-0865
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发表时间：
2017-09-05
影响因子：
39.2
通讯作者：
Jones, Christopher M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Han, Beth;Compton, Wilson M.;Jones, Christopher M.
背景资料：尽管阿片类药物滥用持续流行，但有关处方阿片类药物使用、滥用和使用障碍的流行率的数据有限。目的：估计美国成年人处方阿片类药物使用、滥用和使用障碍的流行率以及滥用的动机。设计：调查。设置：2015年全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）。参与者：72 600名合格的平民，非制度化的成年人被选为NSDUH，和51 200完成了调查访谈。测量：处方阿片类药物的使用，误用，和使用障碍。NSDUH加权估计显示，2015年，9180万人（37.8%）美国平民，非机构化成年人使用处方阿片类药物; 1150万（4.7%）滥用它们; 190万（0.8%）有使用障碍。在处方阿片类药物使用的成年人中，12.5%报告了滥用;其中，16.7%报告了处方阿片类药物使用障碍。最常报告的误用动机是减轻身体疼痛（63.4%）。滥用和使用障碍最常见于没有保险、失业、低收入或有行为健康问题的成年人。在滥用的成年人中，59.9%的人报告在没有处方的情况下使用阿片类药物，40.8%的人在最近的滥用事件中从朋友或亲戚那里免费获得处方阿片类药物。限制：横断面，自我报告的数据。结论：超过三分之一的美国平民，非机构化成年人报告在2015年使用处方阿片类药物，大量报告滥用和使用障碍。缓解身体疼痛是报告的最常见的滥用动机。经济劣势和行为健康问题可能与处方阿片类药物滥用有关。研究结果表明，需要改善循证疼痛管理的可及性，并减少可能导致未使用阿片类药物可能被滥用的过度处方。
Background: Despite the continuing epidemic of opioid misuse, data on the prevalence of prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders are limited.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders and motivations for misuse among U.S. adults.Design: Survey.Setting: The 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).Participants: 72 600 eligible civilian, noninstitutionalized adults were selected for NSDUH, and 51 200 completed the survey interview.Measurements: Prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders.Results: Weighted NSDUH estimates suggested that, in 2015, 91.8 million (37.8%) U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized adults used prescription opioids; 11.5 million (4.7%) misused them; and 1.9 million (0.8%) had a use disorder. Among adults with prescription opioid use, 12.5% reported misuse; of these, 16.7% reported a prescription opioid use disorder. The most commonly reported motivation for misuse was to relieve physical pain (63.4%). Misuse and use disorders were most commonly reported in adults who were uninsured, were unemployed, had low income, or had behavioral health problems. Among adults with misuse, 59.9% reported using opioids without a prescription, and 40.8% obtained prescription opioids for free from friends or relatives for their most recent episode of misuse.Limitation: Cross-sectional, self-reported data.Conclusion: More than one third of U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized adults reported prescription opioid use in 2015, with substantial numbers reporting misuse and use disorders. Relief from physical pain was the most commonly reported motivation for misuse. Economic disadvantage and behavioral health problems may be associated with prescription opioid misuse. The results suggest a need to improve access to evidence-based pain management and to decrease excessive prescribing that may leave unused opioids available for potential misuse.