Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey
Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey
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材料研究前沿：十年调查
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Rao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lori A. Wilson;G. Rao
2007年，美国国家科学院发表了一份综合报告，概述了2010年至2020年凝聚态和材料物理学的机遇和挑战，强调了材料研究的机遇，并建议了实现材料研究全部潜力的具体步骤。该报告艾德六个领域复杂的突发现象，能源，远离平衡的过程，生物现象，纳米科学和信息技术是特别关键的。这些预测是准确的，在这六个广泛的领域，特别是通过材料透镜，取得了巨大的进展。最近，美国能源部（DOE）和国家科学基金会（NSF）要求对材料研究进行新的十年调查。美国国家科学院将在2018年发布一份报告，为支持材料研究的联邦机构、科学政策制定者以及材料研究和其他相关领域的研究人员提供指导。该报告将阐明美国材料研究的现状和未来的发展方向，并与世界各地的类似努力相结合。对于这项评估，材料研究将被广泛地考虑在材料类型，形式/结构，属性和现象，以及材料研究方法的全方位（例如，实验、理论、计算、建模和模拟、仪器/技术开发、合成、表征）。本报告还将通过使用材料研究的代表性领域的案例研究来评估研发投资的最新趋势，这些领域要么经历了近期的增长，要么预计将在近期内出现显着增长。基于这些趋势，该报告将建议NSF和DOE可能采取的步骤，以确保进展，并加强这种研究支持的协作和协调，以确定材料研究的艾德子领域。作为这项工作的一部分，学院正在评估过去十年来材料研究的进展和成就。为了实现这一目标，他们正在寻求社区对材料研究未来的投入。作为这一投入收集过程的一个步骤，在亚利桑那州凤凰城举行的2017年MRS春季会议上举行了一次市政厅会议，获得MRS及其成员的观点，并了解该协会在未来十年中设想材料研究的机会和差距。国家材料和制造委员会的研究主任Erik Svedberg和佛罗里达州立大学物理学教授Laura格林讨论了材料研究前沿：十年调查如何定义材料研究的前沿，从传统的材料科学和工程到凝聚态物理。在这次会议上，讨论的领域包括研发领域的成就和主要变化;确定2020年至2030年存在重大科学差距或提供有希望的投资机会的关键材料研究领域;以及材料研究在未来十年可能面临的挑战以及如何应对这些挑战。在这个市政厅讨论的材料主题领域在未来十年非常相关，包括表征（从非原位到原位再到操作中）;更广泛的长度尺度表征;材料的生物医学应用;量子材料和量子计算;以不同方式制造的传统材料（水泥，钢）;后硅晶体管;和航空航天材料。未来材料研究的驱动力有很多，两个例子是万物互联网和下一代计算机。计算和数据分析的作用也在继续增长。在材料制造领域，讨论了3D打印和增材制造的兴起，并认为这两种技术尤其重要，沿着的是制造机构将公共和私人研发结合起来，这可能成为未来的模式，以及能源成本较低、更具可持续性和经济性的绿色产品。今天，科学已经成为一项全球性的事业，与十年前相比，有了新的、强大的参与者。与会者强调，跨学科性要求人们跨越政治边界自由流动。中国已经成为技术论文的主要来源，海外也有大量的努力（例如，石墨烯在欧洲，韩国基础科学研究所，日本纳米管项目），以建立旗舰计划。有人问MRS和国家科学院能否促进（国际）合作的新方法？材料研究领域一直是跨学科的，但理解系统级思维的需要在该领域变得越来越普遍。需要一支多样化（地域、学科培训、性别）的工作队伍。在新的十年研究报告发表之前，学院将在各种会议上举行几次类似的市政厅会议。访问www.nas.edu/materials了解有关该研究的更多信息，并为十年期报告提供进一步的投入。·及时完成技术转让的最佳方法是什么？
I 2007, the National Academies in the United States published a comprehensive report outlining opportunities and challenges in condensed-matter and materials physics from 2010 to 2020, highlighting opportunities for materials research and recommending specifi c steps to realize the full potential of materials research. The report identifi ed six areas—complex emergent phenomena, energy, processes far from equilibrium, biological phenomena, nanoscience, and information technology—as being especially critical. The predictions have been accurate, and progress in these six broad areas, especially through a materials lens, has been enormous. Recently, the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) requested a new decadal survey of materials research. The National Academies will issue a report in 2018 that will offer guidance to federal agencies that support materials research, science policymakers, and researchers in materials research and other adjoining fi elds. The report will articulate the status of and promising future directions for materials research in the United States in the context of similar efforts worldwide. For this assessment, materials research will be considered broadly in terms of material type, forms/structure, property, and phenomenon, as well as the full breadth of approaches to materials research (e.g., experiment, theory, computation, modeling and simulation, instrument/technique development, synthesis, characterization). This report will also evaluate recent trends in R&D investments by using case studies of representative areas of materials research that have either experienced recent growth or are anticipated to see signifi cant near-term growth. Based on these trends, the report will recommend steps the NSF and DOE might take to secure progress and to enhance collaboration and coordination of such research support for identifi ed subfi elds of materials research. As part of this effort, the Academies are assessing the progress and achievements in materials research over the past decade. To accomplish this, they are seeking community input on the future of materials research. As one step in this input gathering process, a town hall meeting was held at the 2017 MRS Spring Meeting in Phoenix, Ariz., to obtain the perspectives of MRS and its members and to see where the Society envisions opportunities and gaps in materials research in the next decade. Erik Svedberg, study director from the National Materials and Manufacturing Board, and Laura Greene, professor of physics at Florida State University, discussed how the Frontiers of Materials Research: A Decadal Survey looks at defi ning the frontiers of materials research, ranging from traditional materials science and engineering to condensed-matter physics. In this session, areas discussed included achievements and principal changes in the R&D landscape; identifi cation of key materials research areas that have major scientifi c gaps or offer promising investment opportunities from 2020 to 2030; and challenges that materials research may face over the next decade and how these challenges might be addressed. Materials topical areas discussed at this town hall as being very relevant in the coming decade included characterization (moving from ex situ to in situ to in operando); characterization over a broader range of length scales; biomedical applications of materials; quantum materials and quantum computing; traditional materials (cement, steel) made in different ways; post-Si transistors; and aerospace materials. There are many drivers for future materials research, two examples being the Internet-ofeverything and next-generation computers. The role of computation and data analytics also continues to grow. In the area of materials fabrication, the rise of 3D printing and additive manufacturing was discussed and identified as being especially crucial, along with manufacturing institutes coupling public and private R&D that could be a model for the future, and green products that are less energetically expensive and more sustainable and economical. Today, science has become more of a global enterprise, with new, strong players relative to a decade ago. It was emphasized that interdisciplinarity demands the free fl ow of people across political borders. China has become a leading source of technical papers, and there are large efforts overseas (e.g., Graphene in Europe, Korea Institute of Basic Science, Japan Nanotube project) to establish fl agship programs. The question was asked—can MRS and the National Academies promote new methods for (international) collaborations? The fi eld of materials research has always been interdisciplinary, but understanding the need for systems-level thinking is becoming more pervasive in the fi eld. A diverse (geographically, disciplinary training, gender) workforce is needed. Several additional similar town halltype sessions will be conducted by the Academies at various conferences before the new decadal study report is published. Visit www.nas.edu/materials to learn more about the study and to provide further input for the decadal report. • What is the best method to accomplish tech transfer in a timely fashion?