A crossroad of neuronal diversity to build circuitry
A crossroad of neuronal diversity to build circuitry
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aan2856
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Satoshi Yoshinaga;K. Nakajima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Satoshi Yoshinaga;K. Nakajima
簇状原钙粘蛋白基因控制神经元的收敛和发散脑科学中最重要的问题之一是有限数量的神经元如何处理和维持无限的信息。有限数量的神经元可以产生几乎无限数量的神经元组合和组并相互连接。据认为，细胞表面蛋白的多样性可以构成个体神经元身份的分子密码的基础 (1)。考虑到人类基因组中基因的数量相对较少（~2×104），来自每个基因的不同亚型的爆炸性组合可能有助于这种神经元的多样化。与神经元之间多样化的特定连接相反，大脑还具有广泛调节大脑功能的弥漫性神经元投射。在这种情况下，神经突（神经元的轴突或树突投射）的适当间距被认为是通过自我回避（属于单个细胞的神经突之间的排斥）和平铺（来自同一细胞类型的不同神经元的神经突之间的排斥）来控制的（2）。在本期第 406 和 411 页上，Chen 等人。 (3) 和 Mountoufaris 等人。 （4）分别通过关注簇状原钙粘蛋白（Pcdh）蛋白（一组细胞粘附分子），使用嗅觉和血清素神经系统作为模型，提供了对特定和弥漫性神经元投射的机制见解。
Clustered protocadherin genes control convergence and divergence of neurons One of the most important questions in brain science is how infinite information is processed and maintained by a finite number of neurons. A nearly limitless number of combinations and groups of neurons can be produced and connected with each other from a limited number of neurons. It is thought that a diversity of cell-surface proteins could form the basis of a molecular code for individual neuron identity (1). Considering the relatively small number of genes in the human genome (∼2 × 104), the explosive combination of different isoforms derived from each gene could contribute to such neuron diversification. In contrast to the diverse specific connections between neurons, brains also have diffuse neuronal projections that broadly regulate brain function. In this case, appropriate spacing of neurites (axon or dendrite projections of a neuron) is thought to be controlled by self-avoidance (repulsion between neurites belonging to an individual cell) and tiling (repulsion between neurites from different neurons of the same cell type) (2). On pages 406 and 411 of this issue, Chen et al. (3) and Mountoufaris et al. (4), respectively, provide mechanistic insights on specific and diffuse neuronal projections by focusing on clustered protocadherin (Pcdh) proteins, a group of cell adhesion molecules, using olfactory and serotonergic neural systems as models.